Problem 1
Each possible sequence of the 52 cards in a deck is equally probable. However, when you shuffle a deck and then examine the sequence, the deck is never ordered. Explain why in terms of microstates, macrostates, and entropy.
Problem 2
Assess the validity of the statement, "In all spontaneous processes, the system moves toward a state of lowest energy." Correct any errors you identify.
Problem 4
Using thermodynamic equilibrium arg uments, explain why a substance with weaker intermolecular forces has a greater vapor pressure than one with stronger intermolecular forces.
Problem 5
Why does the entropy of a gas increase as the volume of the gas increases? Why does the entropy decrease as the pressure increases?
Problem 7
Predict the sign of the entropy for the reaction $$ 2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g}) $$ Give an explanation, based on entropy and the Second Law, of why this reaction occurs spontaneously.
Problem 8
For the reaction \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}(g)\), predict the sign of both \(\Delta\left(\mathrm{H}^{\circ}\right)\) and \(\Delta\left(S^{\circ}\right)\). Should this reaction be spontaneous at high temperature or at low temperature? Explain.
