Question

(a) Does the percent by mass of each element in a compound depend on the amount of compound? Explain. (b) Does the mass of each element in a compound depend on the amount of compound? Explain.

Short answer

a) No, percent by mass is independent of amount. b) Yes, mass of each element depends on the compound amount.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Percent by Mass

Percent by mass of an element in a compound is calculated using the formula: \[ \text{Percent by mass} = \frac{\text{Mass of the element}}{\text{Total mass of the compound}} \times 100 \text{%} \] This is a ratio and depends on the proportion of the element's mass to the total mass of the compound.

Analyzing Dependence on Amount for Percent by Mass

The percent by mass is a ratio. Ratios are dimensionless and independent of the amount of material. Therefore, the percent by mass of each element in a compound does not change with varying amounts of the compound.

Understanding Mass of Each Element

The mass of each element in a given amount of compound can be found by multiplying the percent by mass by the total mass of the compound: \[ \text{Mass of the element} = \frac{\text{Percent by mass}}{100} \times \text{Total mass of the compound} \]

Analyzing Dependence on Amount for Mass of Each Element

The mass of each element directly depends on the total mass of the compound. If the amount of the compound increases, the total mass increases, and so does the mass of each element in the compound.

Key concepts

mass of elements in compounds

In chemistry, the concept of mass of elements in compounds is foundational. Every compound is made up of elements, and the mass of each element within a compound can be calculated.
For example, if you have a compound like water (H₂O), you would find that the mass of hydrogen and oxygen contributes to the total mass. The mass of the elements can be determined using their atomic masses from the periodic table and the number of each type of atom in the compound.

Consider the formula for calculating percent by mass: \(\text{Percent by mass} = \frac{\text{Mass of the element}}{\text{Total mass of the compound}} \times 100 \text{%} \). Using this, you can figure out what fraction of the total mass comes from each constituent element.

• For water, the atomic mass of hydrogen is approximately 1 amu (atomic mass unit) each, and oxygen is about 16 amu.
• Since water has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, the total mass is 2(1 amu) + 16 amu = 18 amu.

It shows how individual atoms contribute to the mass of the compound.

ratios in chemistry

Ratios are crucial in chemistry since they help compare quantities. When analyzing compounds, chemists often focus on the ratios between the masses of different elements.
For example, the percent by mass of an element in a compound is essentially a ratio. It tells you how much of the compound's mass comes from a particular element, relative to the entire mass of the compound.

• This is always the same, no matter how much of the compound you have.

Hence, if you have a small or large sample of the compound, the percent by mass ratio remains unchanged.
Imagine breaking a chocolate bar in half. Each piece has the same ratio of the ingredients as the whole bar. Similarly, in a pure chemical compound, the ratio of the masses of its elements stays constant regardless of quantity.
It's crucial to remember ratios are dimensionless, which means they don't change just because you change the size of the sample.

dependence on amount

Understanding dependence on amount is key to mastering chemistry concepts. Let's see how it impacts the mass of elements in a compound.
The mass of each element in a compound changes with the amount of the compound you have.

• If you double the amount of the compound, you double the mass of each element in it.
• This is because the elements' masses are directly proportional to the total mass of the compound.

For instance, think of water again. If you have 18 grams of water, it contains approximately 2 grams of hydrogen and 16 grams of oxygen. If you now take 36 grams of water (double the amount), it will hence contain 4 grams of hydrogen and 32 grams of oxygen.
Here, the percent by mass remains constant, but the actual masses of the elements increase with the increase in total mass of the compound. This direct proportionality is an important concept to grasp when dealing with quantities in chemistry.