Question

Disulfur decafluoride is intermediate in reactivity between \(\mathrm{SF}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{SF}_{6}\). It disproportionates at \(150^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to these monosulfur fluorides. Write a balanced equation for this reaction, and give the oxidation state of \(\mathrm{S}\) in each compound.

Short answer

The balanced equation is \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10} \rightarrow \text{SF}_4 + \text{SF}_6\). The oxidation states of S are +5 in \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10}\), +4 in \(\text{SF}_4\), and +6 in \(\text{SF}_6\).

Step-by-step solution

Write the Chemical Equation

Identify the reactants and products. Disulfur decafluoride \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10}\) disproportionates into sulfur tetrafluoride \(\text{SF}_4\) and sulfur hexafluoride \(\text{SF}_6\). The unbalanced chemical equation is: \( \text{S}_2\text{F}_{10} \rightarrow \text{SF}_4 + \text{SF}_6 \).

Balance the Sulfur Atoms

Ensure the number of sulfur atoms on both sides of the equation are equal. Since there are 2 sulfur atoms in \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10}\), you will need 2 sulfur atoms in the products: \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10} \rightarrow \text{SF}_4 + \text{SF}_6\).

Balance the Fluorine Atoms

Count the fluorine atoms on both sides. \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10}\) has 10 fluorine atoms. The products should also have 10 fluorine atoms. \(\text{SF}_4\) has 4 fluorine atoms, and \(\text{SF}_6\) has 6 fluorine atoms. Thus, \(\text{SF}_4 + \text{SF}_6\) gives a total of 4 + 6 = 10 fluorine atoms. The equation remains balanced: \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10} \rightarrow \text{SF}_4 + \text{SF}_6\).

Identify Oxidation States of Sulfur

Determine the oxidation states of sulfur in each compound. For \(\text{SF}_4\), the oxidation state of sulfur is +4. For \(\text{SF}_6\), the oxidation state of sulfur is +6. In \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10}\), sulfur has an average oxidation state. Since \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10}\) is a neutral molecule, each F has an oxidation state of -1, so \2S + 10(-1) = 0. Therefore, the overall oxidation state of sulfur in \(\text{S}_2\text{F}_{10}\) is +5 (an average of both sulfur atoms’ states).

Key concepts

chemical equation balancing

Chemical equation balancing is a crucial step in understanding chemical reactions. It ensures that the law of conservation of mass holds true in any chemical process. This means the number of each type of atom should be the same on both sides of the equation. To balance a chemical equation, follow these steps: Identify all reactants and products. Write down the unbalanced equation. Adjust coefficients (the numbers before molecules) to balance atoms for each element. In our example, we started with disulfur decafluoride \(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10}\), which disproportionates into sulfur tetrafluoride \(\mathrm{SF}_4\) and sulfur hexafluoride \(\mathrm{SF}_6\). Here's a step-by-step breakdown: 1. Identify reactants and products: Reactant: \(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10}\), Products: \(\mathrm{SF}_4\) and \(\mathrm{SF}_6\). 2. Write the unbalanced equation: \(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10} \rightarrow \mathrm{SF}_4 + \mathrm{SF}_6\). 3. Ensure that sulfur atoms are balanced: \(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10} \rightarrow \mathrm{SF}_4 + \mathrm{SF}_6\). We have 2 sulfur atoms on both sides. 4. Ensure that fluorine atoms are balanced: The left side has 10 fluorine atoms (\(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10}\)), and the right side has 4 (in \(\mathrm{SF}_4\)) + 6 (in \(\mathrm{SF}_6\)), totaling 10 atoms as well. This balance confirms the reaction is balanced: \(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10} \rightarrow \mathrm{SF}_4 + \mathrm{SF}_6\). This process helps visualize and understand the conservation of mass in chemical reactions.

oxidation states

Oxidation states, also known as oxidation numbers, represent the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. They are important in identifying how electrons are transferred during reactions. In our exercise, we identified the oxidation states of sulfur in different compounds: 1. \(\mathrm{SF}_4\): In \(\mathrm{SF}_4\), sulfur's oxidation state is +4. Each fluorine (F) atom has an oxidation state of -1. The equation can be set up as: \(S + 4(-1) = 0\), hence \(S = +4\). 2. \(\mathrm{SF}_6\): In \(\mathrm{SF}_6\), sulfur's oxidation state is +6. Similarly, each fluorine here has an oxidation state of -1. The equation is: \(S + 6(-1) = 0\), making \(S = +6\). 3. \(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10}\): For disulfur decafluoride, we assume an average oxidation state because there are two sulfur atoms. Each fluorine is -1, therefore, \(2S + 10(-1) = 0\), leading to: \(2S - 10 = 0\) and \(S = +5\). Understanding oxidation states helps identify the electron transfer process in reactions and determine if a substance is oxidized or reduced.

sulfur fluorides

Sulfur fluorides are a group of compounds consisting of sulfur and fluorine. They exhibit interesting chemical properties, useful in various fields and applications. Here are some key characteristics: 1. \(\mathrm{SF}_4\) (sulfur tetrafluoride): It is a chemical compound where sulfur has an oxidation state of +4. \(\mathrm{SF}_4\) is used in organic synthesis for fluorination processes. 2. \(\mathrm{SF}_6\) (sulfur hexafluoride): A compound where sulfur exhibits an oxidation state of +6. \(\mathrm{SF}_6\) is a non-toxic, inert, and highly stable gas. It is extensively used as an insulator in high-voltage electrical equipment. 3. \(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10}\) (disulfur decafluoride): The subject of our exercise, this compound disproportionates at 150 °C to form \(\mathrm{SF}_4\) and \(\mathrm{SF}_6\). The disparity in oxidation states (+5 average) among the sulfur atoms in \(\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{F}_{10}\) gives rise to its interesting reactivity. These sulfur fluoride compounds showcase diverse oxidation states and chemical behaviors, making them integral to different scientific and industrial processes.