Chapter 4: Problem 69
Name the following acid salts: (a) \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\), (b) \(\mathrm{KH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) (c) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}\)
Short Answer
Expert verified
The names are (a) Sodium Bicarbonate, (b) Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, and (c) Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate.
Step by step solution
01
Understanding Acid Salts
Acid salts are a class of salts that results from the partial replacement of hydrogen ions of an acid by a metal or ammonium ion. Naming them follows a specific nomenclature that depends on the acid from which the salt is derived and the degree of hydrogen ion replacement.
02
Naming Acid Salt (a)
For \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\), the acid from which this salt is derived is carbonic acid \(H_{2}CO_{3}\). Since there is still one hydrogen left in the formula, we name the salt Sodium Bicarbonate, where 'Bi-' signifies the presence of hydrogen and carbonate is the anion from carbonic acid.
03
Naming Acid Salt (b)
For \(\mathrm{KH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\), the acid from which this salt is derived is phosphoric acid \(H_{3}PO_{4}\). One hydrogen ion is replaced by a potassium ion, leaving two hydrogens in the formula. The salt is therefore named Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, where 'Di-' indicates two hydrogen atoms are still present along with the phosphate anion.
04
Naming Acid Salt (c)
For \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}\), the acid is once again phosphoric acid \(H_{3}PO_{4}\). Two hydrogen ions have been replaced by ammonium ions \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\). The salt is named Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate, where 'Hydrogen Phosphate' reflects the presence of one remaining hydrogen in the compound.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Chemical Nomenclature
Chemical nomenclature is a critical aspect of chemistry that involves assigning names to chemical compounds in a systematic manner. Effective nomenclature allows chemists to communicate complex information clearly and efficiently. For example, consider the naming of acid salts, where the specific prefixes and suffixes in the name convey nuanced information about the composition of the compound.
In the context of acid salts, such as those provided in the exercise, nomenclature rules tell us how the ions in the compound result from the partial neutralization of an acid by a base. A compound like Sodium Bicarbonate (HCO_{3}) reflects that bicarbonate is a hydrogen carbonate ion where one hydrogen has been replaced by sodium. Consistency in the use of terms like 'Bi-' for 'Hydrogen' and 'Di-' for two hydrogens helps to prevent confusion and streamline the understanding of the chemical structure based on the compound's name.
It is also vital to recognize the systematic naming of polyatomic ions, especially when these ions derive from acids with more than one ionizable hydrogen atom. Therefore, emphasis on prefixes and understanding their meaning is crucial for accurate communication in the field of chemistry.
In the context of acid salts, such as those provided in the exercise, nomenclature rules tell us how the ions in the compound result from the partial neutralization of an acid by a base. A compound like Sodium Bicarbonate (HCO_{3}) reflects that bicarbonate is a hydrogen carbonate ion where one hydrogen has been replaced by sodium. Consistency in the use of terms like 'Bi-' for 'Hydrogen' and 'Di-' for two hydrogens helps to prevent confusion and streamline the understanding of the chemical structure based on the compound's name.
It is also vital to recognize the systematic naming of polyatomic ions, especially when these ions derive from acids with more than one ionizable hydrogen atom. Therefore, emphasis on prefixes and understanding their meaning is crucial for accurate communication in the field of chemistry.
Acid-Base Chemistry
The realm of acid-base chemistry is fundamental to numerous chemical processes, including the formation of acid salts. An acid is a substance that can donate hydrogen ions (protons), while a base is a substance that can accept them. The interaction between acids and bases can lead to the partial replacement of the hydrogen ions from an acid with a metal or ammonium ion, resulting in an acid salt.
This interaction is key to understanding the neutralization that occurs when naming compounds like Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KH_2 PO_{4}). Knowledge of the key features of phosphoric acid (H_{3}PO_4) and how it can donate up to three protons helps us understand the composition and naming of the resulting salt.
Furthermore, recognizing that compounds like Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ((NH_{4})_{2} HPO_{4}), which have ammonium in place of hydrogen ions, exhibit characteristics of both a salt and a weak acid, can be informative in understanding their behavior in solution. The nomenclature of acid-base chemistry not only aids in naming compounds but also provides insight into their potential reactivity and interactions.
This interaction is key to understanding the neutralization that occurs when naming compounds like Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KH_2 PO_{4}). Knowledge of the key features of phosphoric acid (H_{3}PO_4) and how it can donate up to three protons helps us understand the composition and naming of the resulting salt.
Furthermore, recognizing that compounds like Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ((NH_{4})_{2} HPO_{4}), which have ammonium in place of hydrogen ions, exhibit characteristics of both a salt and a weak acid, can be informative in understanding their behavior in solution. The nomenclature of acid-base chemistry not only aids in naming compounds but also provides insight into their potential reactivity and interactions.
Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic compounds are substances that, broadly speaking, do not contain both carbon and hydrogen. They play a significant role in various chemical processes and are often the focus of acid-base reactions. Salts, oxides, and hydroxides are some examples of inorganic compounds. These substances often result from the interaction of acids and bases, as seen in the formation of acid salts.
As illustrated by the given exercise, inorganic compound names - such as Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}), Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KH_{2} PO_{4}), and Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ((NH_{4})_{2} HPO_{4}) - often provide information about their origin and composition. These compounds can be used in various applications, from fertilizers to leavening agents, demonstrating the broad utility of inorganic substances.
Nevertheless, an understanding of the inorganic compound's structure and its acid-base properties is indispensable. Such knowledge enables us to grasp the significance of the systematic names given to these compounds, predicting probable reactions and recognizing their potential uses in everyday life and industrial applications.
As illustrated by the given exercise, inorganic compound names - such as Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}), Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KH_{2} PO_{4}), and Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ((NH_{4})_{2} HPO_{4}) - often provide information about their origin and composition. These compounds can be used in various applications, from fertilizers to leavening agents, demonstrating the broad utility of inorganic substances.
Nevertheless, an understanding of the inorganic compound's structure and its acid-base properties is indispensable. Such knowledge enables us to grasp the significance of the systematic names given to these compounds, predicting probable reactions and recognizing their potential uses in everyday life and industrial applications.
