Chapter 4

Microscopic imperfections in glass are usually harmless, but imperfections of nickel(II) sulfide can cause the glass to crack spontaneously. To study this process, nickel(II) sulfide can be synthesized from sodium sulfide and nickel(II) sulfate. $$ \begin{array}{r} \mathrm{Ni}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)+2 \mathrm{Na}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{S}^{2-}(a q) \longrightarrow \\ \mathrm{NiS}(s)+2 \mathrm{Na}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(a q) \end{array} $$ Which are the spectator ions? Write the net ionic equation.

Write an equation for the ionization of hydrogen bromide, a molecular substance and a strong acid, in water.

When chloric acid reacts with water, it reacts as a strong acid. Write an equation for this reaction.

Hydrazine is a toxic substance that can form when household ammonia is mixed with a bleach such as Clorox. Its formula is \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\), and it is a weak base. Write a chemical equation showing its reaction with water.

Pyridine, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{~N},\) is a fishy-smelling compound used as an intermediate in making insecticides. It is a weak base. Write a chemical equation showing its reaction with water.

Pentanoic acid, \(\mathrm{HC}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), is found in a plant called valerian, which cats seem to like almost as much as catnip, and is a weak acid. Write an equation showing its reaction with water

Atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in raindrops, resulting in a solution of carbonic acid that makes rain slightly acidic. Since carbonic acid is a diprotic acid, write the chemical equations that describe its stepwise ionization.

Name these acids: (a) \(\mathrm{HF}(g),\) (b) \(\mathrm{HF}(a q)\)

Name these acids that bromine forms. (a) \(\mathrm{HBrO}_{4}\), (b) \(\mathrm{HBrO}_{3}\), (c) \(\mathrm{HBrO}_{2},\) (d) \(\mathrm{HBrO}\) (e) \(\mathrm{HBr}\)

Write the formula for (a) chromic acid, (b) carbonic acid, and (c) oxalic acid.