Problem 102
The explosion of an atomic bomb releases many radioactive isotopes, including strontium-90. Considering the location of strontium in the periodic table, suggest a reason for the fact that this isotope is particularly dangerous for human health.
Problem 103
A U.S. 1-cent coin (a penny) has a diameter of \(19 \mathrm{~mm}\) and a thickness of \(1.5 \mathrm{~mm}\). Assume the coin is made of pure copper, whose density and approximate market price are \(8.9 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) and \(\$ 2.40\) per pound, respectively. Calculate the value of the copper in the coin, assuming its thickness is uniform.
Problem 104
The U.S. Mint produces a dollar coin called the American Silver Eagle that is made of nearly pure silver. This coin has a diameter of \(41 \mathrm{~mm}\) and a thickness of \(2.5 \mathrm{~mm} .\) The density and approximate market price of silver are \(10.5 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) and \(\$ 0.51\) per gram, respectively. Calculate the value of the silver in the coin, assuming its thickness is uniform.
Problem 106
Name each of the following chlorides. Assuming that the compounds are ionic, what charge is associated with the metallic element in each case? \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{AgCl},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{TiCl}_{4},(\mathbf{c}) \operatorname{Ir} C 1_{3},\) (d) \(\mathrm{LiCl}\).
Problem 109
Elements in the same group of the periodic table often form oxyanions with the same general formula. The anions are also named in a similar fashion. Based on these observations, suggest a chemical formula or name, as appropriate, for each of the following ions: \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{BrO}_{4}^{-},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{SeO}_{3}^{2-},(\mathbf{c})\) arsenate ion, (d) hydrogen tellurate ion.
Problem 110
Carbonic acid occurs in carbonated beverages. When allowed to react with lithium hydroxide, it produces lithium carbonate. Lithium carbonate is used to treat depression and bipolar disorder. Write chemical formulas for carbonic acid, lithium hydroxide, and lithium carbonate.
Problem 111
Give the chemical names of each of the following familiar compounds: \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{NaCl}(\) table salt \(),(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(\) baking soda \()\) (c) \(\mathrm{NaOCl}\) (in many bleaches), (d) \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) (caustic soda), (e) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (smelling salts), \(,(\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{CaSO}_{4}\) (plaster of Paris).
Problem 112
Many familiar substances have common, unsystematic names. For each of the following, give the correct systematic name: (a) saltpeter, \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3} ;(\mathbf{b})\) soda ash, \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} ;(\mathbf{c})\) lime, \(\mathrm{CaO} ;(\mathbf{d})\) muriatic acid, HCl; \((\mathbf{e})\) Epsom salts, \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4} ;\) (f) milk of magnesia, \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\)
Problem 113
Because many ions and compounds have very similar names, there is great potential for confusing them. Write the correct chemical formulas to distinguish between (a) sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, \((\mathbf{b})\) potassium peroxide and potassium oxide, \((\mathbf{c})\) calcium sulfide and calcium sulfate, \((\mathbf{d})\) manganese (II) oxide and manganese (III) oxide, (e) hydride ion and hydroxide ion, (f) magnesium nitride and magnesium nitrite, \((\mathbf{g})\) silver nitrate and silver nitrite, \((\mathbf{h})\) cuprous oxide and cupric oxide.
Problem 114
In what part of the atom does the strong nuclear force operate?
