Chapter 24: Problem 26
Give the general formula for any cyclic alkene, that is, a cyclic hydrocarbon with one double bond.
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Draw all structural and geometric isomers of butene and name them.
What is the empirical formula of cellulose? What is the unit that forms the basis of the cellulose polymer? What form of linkage joins these monomeric units?
The IUPAC name for a carboxylic acid is based on the name of the hydrocarbon with the same number of carbon atoms. The ending -oic is appended, as in ethanoic acid, which is the IUPAC name for acetic acid. Draw the structure of the following acids: (a) methanoic acid, (b) pentanoic acid, (c) 2-chloro-3-methyldecanoic acid.
Name or write the condensed structural formula for the following compounds: (a) 4 -methyl-2-pentene (b) cis-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene (c) ortho-dimethylbenzene (d) \(\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{CCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (e) trans-CH \(_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)
(a) One test for the presence of an alkene is to add a small amount of bromine, a red-brown liquid, and look for the disappearance of the red-brown color. This test does not work for detecting the presence of an aromatic hydrocarbon. Explain. (b) Write a series of reactions leading to para-bromoethylbenzene, beginning with benzene and using other reagents as needed. What isomeric side products might also be formed?
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