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Chapter 4: Problem 26

Consider the following generic equation $$\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{HB}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{B}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$$ For which of the following pairs would this be the correct prototype equation for the acid-base reaction in solution? If it is not correct, write the proper equation for the acid-base reaction between the pair. (a) hydrochloric acid and pyridine, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{~N}\) (b) sulfuric acid and rubidium hydroxide (c) potassium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid (d) ammonia and hydriodic acid (e) strontium hydroxide and hydrocyanic acid

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Pairs (a), (c), and (d) - hydrochloric acid and pyridine, potassium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid, and ammonia and hydriodic acid - form acid-base reactions following the given prototype equation. Pairs (b) and (e) - sulfuric acid and rubidium hydroxide, and strontium hydroxide and hydrocyanic acid - require different balanced equations.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Hydrochloric acid and pyridine

\ First, identify the acid and the base components in the given pair: - Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an acid. - Pyridine (C5H5N) is a base. The acid-base reaction between hydrochloric acid and pyridine is represented by the balanced chemical equation: $$\mathrm{HCl}+\mathrm{C}_{5}\mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{N}\longrightarrow\mathrm{C}_{5}\mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{NH}^{+}\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$$ This equation matches the given prototype equation for an acid-base reaction.
02

(b) Sulfuric acid and rubidium hydroxide

\ Identify the acid and the base components in the given pair: - Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an acid. - Rubidium hydroxide (RbOH) is a base. The acid-base reaction between sulfuric acid and rubidium hydroxide is represented by the balanced chemical equation: $$\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4} + 2\mathrm{RbOH} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Rb}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ This equation tells us that the given prototype equation is not correct for this acid-base reaction.
03

(c) Potassium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid

\ Identify the acid and the base components in the given pair: - Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a base. - Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is an acid. The acid-base reaction between potassium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid is represented by the balanced chemical equation: $$\mathrm{KOH}+\mathrm{HF}\longrightarrow\mathrm{KF}+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ This equation matches the given prototype equation for an acid-base reaction.
04

(d) Ammonia and hydriodic acid

\ Identify the acid and the base components in the given pair: - Ammonia (NH3) is a base. - Hydriodic acid (HI) is an acid. The acid-base reaction between ammonia and hydriodic acid is represented by the balanced chemical equation: $$\mathrm{NH}_{3}+\mathrm{HI}\longrightarrow\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\mathrm{I}^{-}$$ This equation matches the given prototype equation for an acid-base reaction.
05

(e) Strontium hydroxide and hydrocyanic acid

\ Identify the acid and the base components in the given pair: - Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) is a base. - Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is an acid. The acid-base reaction between strontium hydroxide and hydrocyanic acid is represented by the balanced chemical equation: $$\mathrm{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}+2\mathrm{HCN}\longrightarrow\mathrm{Sr}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}+2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ This equation tells us that the given prototype equation is not correct for this acid-base reaction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

72\. Stomach acid is approximately \(0.020 \mathrm{M}\) HCl. What volume of this acid is neutralized by an antacid tablet that weighs \(330 \mathrm{mg}\) and contains \(41.0 \% \mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}, 36.2 \%\) \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\), and \(22.8 \% \mathrm{NaCl}\) ? The reactions involved are $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s)+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) & \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \\ \mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \end{aligned} $$

Describe how you would precipitate (a) zinc carbonate from a solution of zinc nitrate. (b) copper(II) phosphate from a solution of copper(II) chloride. (c) barium sulfate from a solution of barium hydroxide.

Assign oxidation numbers to each element in (a) methane (b) carbonate ion \(\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\right)\) (c) iodate ion \(\left(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\right)\) (d) hydrazine \(\left(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\right)\)

What is the volume of \(1.222 \mathrm{M}\) sodium hydroxide required to react with (a) \(32.5 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.569 \mathrm{M}\) sulfurous acid? (One mole of sulfurous acid reacts with two moles of hydroxide ion.) (b) \(5.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of oxalic acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4} ?\) (One mole of oxalic acid reacts with two moles of hydroxide ion.) (c) \(15.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of concentrated acetic acid, \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2},\) that is \(88 \%\) by mass pure?

32\. A student tries to determine experimentally the molar mass of aspirin (HAsp). She takes \(1.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of aspirin, dissolves it in water, and neutralizes it with \(17.6 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.315 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KOH}\). The equation for the reaction is $$ \mathrm{HAsp}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Asp}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} $$ What is the molar mass of aspirin?
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