Question

Complete the following table for TNT (trinitrotoluene), \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{5}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\right)_{3}\)

Short answer

Answer: The mass percentages of each element in TNT are approximately 37.06% Carbon, 2.22% Hydrogen, 18.47% Nitrogen, and 42.25% Oxygen.

Step-by-step solution

Calculate the molar mass of each element

In order to do this, we need to know the individual atomic masses of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O). These values are found on the periodic table and are approximately: - Carbon: 12.01 g/mol - Hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol - Nitrogen: 14.01 g/mol - Oxygen: 16.00 g/mol

Calculate the molar mass of TNT

Now, we will calculate the molar mass of TNT by multiplying the atomic masses by their respective number of atoms in the formula and then sum them up. TNT = C₇H₅(NO₂)₃ Molar mass of TNT = 7 * (12.01 g/mol) + 5 * (1.01 g/mol) + 3 * (14.01 g/mol + 2 * (16.00 g/mol)) Molar mass of TNT = 84.07 g/mol + 5.05 g/mol + 3 * (14.01 g/mol + 32.00 g/mol) Molar mass of TNT = 84.07 g/mol + 5.05 g/mol + 3 * 46.01 g/mol Molar mass of TNT = 84.07 g/mol + 5.05 g/mol + 138.03 g/mol Molar mass of TNT = 227.15 g/mol

Calculate the mass percentage of each element in TNT

We will now calculate the mass percentage of each element in TNT using the following formula: Mass percentage of element = \(\frac{\text{Molar mass of element} * \text{Number of atoms of that element}}{\text{Molar mass of TNT}}\) * 100 For Carbon: Mass percentage of Carbon = \(\frac{12.01 \text{ g/mol} * 7}{227.15 \text{ g/mol}}\) * 100 Mass percentage of Carbon ≈ 37.06 % For Hydrogen: Mass percentage of Hydrogen = \(\frac{1.01 \text{ g/mol} * 5}{227.15 \text{ g/mol}}\) * 100 Mass percentage of Hydrogen ≈ 2.22 % For Nitrogen: Mass percentage of Nitrogen = \(\frac{14.01 \text{ g/mol} * 3}{227.15 \text{ g/mol}}\) * 100 Mass percentage of Nitrogen ≈ 18.47 % For Oxygen: Mass percentage of Oxygen = \(\frac{16.00 \text{ g/mol} * 6}{227.15 \text{ g/mol}}\) * 100 Mass percentage of Oxygen ≈ 42.25 % Now that we have calculated the molar mass and the mass percentages of the elements present in TNT, we can complete the given table: Element | Molar Mass (g/mol) | Mass Percentage --------|--------------------|----------------- Carbon | 12.01 | 37.06% Hydrogen | 1.01 | 2.22% Nitrogen | 14.01 | 18.47% Oxygen | 16.00 | 42.25%