Chapter 23: Problem 16
Write a chemical equation, using molecular formulas, for the reaction of maltose with water to form glucose.
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Cellulose consists of about \(10,000 \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) units linked together. (a) What are the mass percents of \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O}\) in cellulose? (b) What is the molar mass of cellulose?
Plants synthesize carbohydrates from \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) by the process of photosynthesis. For example, $$ 6 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(a q)+6 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) $$ \(\Delta G^{\circ}=2.87 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~kJ}\) at \(\mathrm{pH} 7.0\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is \(K\) for the reaction at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ?
Consider a polymer made from tetrachloroethylene. (a) Draw a portion of the polymer chain. (b) What is the molar mass of the polymer if it contains \(3.2 \times 10^{3}\) tetrachloroethylene molecules? (c) What are the mass percents of \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}\) in the polymer?
Give the structural formula of two different dipeptides formed between arginine and serine.
Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is metabolized to lactic acid according to the equation $$ \begin{array}{c} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{3}(a q) \\ \Delta G^{\circ}=-198 \mathrm{~kJ} \text { at } \mathrm{pH} 7.0 \text { and } 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \end{array} $$ Glycolysis is the source of energy in human red blood cells. In these cells, the concentration of glucose is \(5.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{M}\), while that of lactic acid is \(2.9 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{M} .\) Calculate \(\Delta G\) for glycolysis in human blood cells under these conditions. Use the equation \(\Delta G=\Delta G^{\circ}+\mathrm{RT} \ln Q,\) where \(Q\) is the concentration quotient, analogous to \(K\).
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