Question

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of ammonia with (a) \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\)

Short answer

Question: Provide the balanced chemical equations for the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with the following ions: (a) Cu2+, (b) H+, and (c) Al3+. Answer: The balanced chemical equations are as follows: (a) Cu2+ + 4NH3 -> [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (b) NH3 + H+ -> NH4+ (c) Al3+ + 6NH3 -> [Al(NH3)6]3+

Step-by-step solution

(a) Reaction with \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) (Copper(II) ion))

When ammonia reacts with \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) ions, the product is the tetraaminecopper(II) complex ion, \(\mathrm{[Cu(NH3)_4]^{2+}}\). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: $$\mathrm{Cu^{2+} + 4NH3 -> [Cu(NH3)_4]^{2+}}$$

(b) Reaction with \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) (Hydronium ion))

When ammonia reacts with \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) ions, they combine to form the ammonium ion, \(\mathrm{NH_4^+}\). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: $$\mathrm{NH3 + H^+ -> NH4^+}$$

(c) Reaction with \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) (Aluminum(III) ion))

When ammonia reacts with \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) ions, the product is the hexaamminealuminum(III) complex ion, \(\mathrm{[Al(NH_3)_6]^{3+}}\). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: $$\mathrm{Al^{3+} + 6NH3 -> [Al(NH_3)_6]^{3+}}$$