Chapter 2: Problem 43
How many metals are in the following groups? (a) Group 1 (b) Group 13 \(\quad\) (c) Group 17
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A student saw the following nuclear symbol for an unknown element: \({ }_{11}^{23} \mathrm{X}\). Which of the following statements about \(\mathrm{X}\) and \({ }_{11}^{23} \mathrm{X}\) are true? (a) \(\mathrm{X}\) is sodium. (b) \(\mathrm{X}\) is vanadium. (c) X has 23 neutrons in its nucleus. (d) \(\mathrm{X}^{2+}\) has 13 electrons. (e) \({ }_{11}^{23} \mathrm{X}\) has a proton/neutron ratio of about 1.1 .
Give the formulas of compounds in which (a) the cation is \(\mathrm{Ba}^{2+}\), the anion is \(\mathrm{I}^{-}\) or \(\mathrm{N}^{3-}\). (b) the anion is \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\), the cation is \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\) or \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\).
Calculate the average density of a single Al-27 atom by assuming that it is a sphere with a radius of \(0.143 \mathrm{nm}\). The masses of a proton, electron, and neutron are \(1.6726 \times 10^{-24} \mathrm{~g}, 9.1094 \times 10^{-28} \mathrm{~g}\), and \(1.6749 \times 10^{-24} \mathrm{~g}\) respectively. The volume of a sphere is \(4 \pi r^{3} / 3,\) where \(r\) is its radius. Express the answer in grams per cubic centimeter. The density of aluminum is found experimentally to be \(2.70 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} .\) What does that suggest about the packing of aluminum atoms in the metal?
Mercury(II) oxide, a red powder, can be decomposed by heating to produce liquid mercury and oxygen gas. When a sample of this compound is decomposed, \(3.87 \mathrm{~g}\) of oxygen and \(48.43 \mathrm{~g}\) of mercury are produced. In a second experiment, \(15.68 \mathrm{~g}\) of mercury is allowed to react with an excess of oxygen and \(16.93 \mathrm{~g}\) of red mercury(II) oxide is produced. Show that these results are consistent with the law of constant composition.
See the definition for isobars in Question 15. Consider \(\mathrm{Cr}-54, \mathrm{Fe}-54, \mathrm{Fe}-58,\) and \(\mathrm{Ni}-58\) (a) Which of these are isobars? Which are isotopes? (b) What do Fe-54 and Fe-58 have in common? (c) Which atoms have the same number of neutrons?
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