Chapter 2: Problem 39
Give the symbols for (a) potassium (b) cadmium (c) aluminum (d) antimony (e) phosphorus
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Two basic laws of chemistry are the law of conservation of mass and the law of constant composition. Which of these laws (if any) do the following statements illustrate? (a) Lavoisier found that when mercury(II) oxide, \(\mathrm{HgO}\), decomposes, the total mass of mercury \((\mathrm{Hg})\) and oxygen formed equals the mass of mercury(II) oxide decomposed. (b) Analysis of the calcium carbonate found in the marble mined in Carrara, Italy, and in the stalactites of the Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico gives the same value for the percentage of calcium in calcium carbonate. (c) Hydrogen occurs as a mixture of two isotopes, one of which is twice as heavy as the other.
Which group in the periodic table (a) has one metalloid and no nonmetals? (b) has no nonmetals or transition metals? (c) has no metals or metalloids?
Consider the following nuclear symbols. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does each element have? What elements do \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{L},\) and \(\mathrm{Z}\) represent? (a) \(\frac{75}{33} \mathrm{~A}\) (b) \({ }_{23}^{51} \mathrm{~L}\) (c) \({ }_{54}^{131} \mathrm{Z}\)
How many nonmetals are in the following periods? (a) period 2 (b) period 4 (c) period 6
Criticize each of the following statements: (a) The Rutherford experiment confirmed the presence of electrons in an atom. (b) A period is that segment of the periodic table in which elements are arranged by similar chemical properties. (c) Isotopes have the same mass number. (d) The molecule \(\mathrm{Be}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{2}\) is triberylium dinitride.
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