Alcohols are organic compounds featuring one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. To derive an alcohol from an alkane, we replace one hydrogen atom with the OH group, but the base carbon-hydrogen framework remains the same, resulting in a similar molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{n} \mathrm{H}_{2n+2}\).
- Contains one or more hydroxyl functional groups (OH).
- Hydrophilic (water-attracting) due to the polar nature of the OH group.
- Common examples include methanol (\(\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{OH}\)) and ethanol (\(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_5\mathrm{OH}\)).
Alcohols have a wide range of uses in everyday life, from being beverages to solvents and fuel. Their distinctive functional group makes them pivotal in chemical reactions and synthesis in organic chemistry.