Question

Draw diagrams for any cis, trans, and optical isomers that could exist for the following (en is ethylenediamine):

\(\begin{aligned}{}(a){\left( {Co{{(en)}_2}\left( {N{O_2}} \right)Cl} \right)^ + }\\(b){\left( {Co{{(en)}_2}C{l_2}} \right)^ + }\\(c)\left( {Pt{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_2}C{l_4}} \right)\\(d){\left( {Cr{{(en)}_3}} \right)^{3 + }}\\(e)\left( {Pt{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_2}C{l_2}} \right)\end{aligned}\)

Short answer

Isomers are the chemical species which have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms or ligands in space. Space isomerism is of two type namely geometrical and optical isomerism.

Step-by-step solution

Explanation

(a)

• In\({\left( {Co{{(en)}_2}\left( {N{O_2}} \right)Cl} \right)^ + }\), We can see that \(2\) bidentate ligands and \(2\)monodentate ligands are present inside the coordination sphere, which means the coordination number of\(6\) the central metal ion \(Co\) is 6 . Like that it will have \(2\) isomers: cis and trans.

(b)

• In \({\left( {Co{{(en)}_2}C{l_2}} \right)^ + }\), We can see that \(2\) bidentate ligands and \(2\) monodentate ligands are present inside the coordination sphere, which leaves us a clue that the coordination number of the central metal ion \(Co\) is \(6\). Like that it will have \(2\)isomers: cis and trans.

(c)

• In \(\left( {Pt{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_2}C{l_4}} \right)\)We can see that \(6\) monodentate ligands are present inside the coordination sphere, which means the coordination number of the central metal ion \(Pt\)is \(6\) . Like that it will have \(2\) isomers: cis and trans.

(d)

• 
  In \({\left( {Cr{{(en)}_3}} \right)^{3 + }}\) We can see that \(3\) bidentate ligands are present inside the coordination sphere, which means the coordination number of the central metal ion \(Cr\) is \(6\) . Like that it will have \(2\) optical isomers.

(e)

• In \(\left( {Pt{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_2}C{l_2}} \right)\) We can see that \(4\)monodentate ligands are present inside the coordination sphere, which means the coordination number of the central metal ion \(Pt\)is \(4\). Like that it will have \(2\)isomers: cis and trans.

Result

a) It has \(2\) isomers: cis and trans.

b) It has \(2\) isomers: cis and trans.

c) It has \(2\) isomers: cis and trans.

d) It has \(2\)optical isomers.

e) It has \(2\)isomers: cis and trans.