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Using the data in Appendix G, calculate the standard enthalpy change for each of the following reactions:

(a) Si(s) + 2F2(g)⟶SiF4(g)

(b) 2C(s) + 2H2(g) + O2(g)⟶CH3CO2H(l)

(c) CH4(g) + N2(g)⟶HCN(g) + NH3(g)

(d) CS2(g) + 3Cl2(g)⟶CCl4(g) + S2Cl2(g)

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The change in enthalpy is -1615.0kJ.

(b) The change in enthalpy is -484.2kJ.

(c) The change in enthalpy is 164.2kJ.

(d) The change in enthalpy is -232.1 kJ.

Step by step solution

01

Enthalpy of formation of gases in reaction (a)

We have to calculate the standard enthalpy change for each reaction. For that, we have to know the enthalpy of formation for each compound in its respective states.

For the first reaction, we have to know the enthalpy of formation of the silicon, the fluorine, and the SiF4(g).

TheenthalpyofformationofSi(s)is0kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofF2(g)is0kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofSiF4(g)is1615.0kJ/mol.

02

Change in enthalpy in reaction (a)

The reaction is:

Si(s)+2F2(g)SiF4(g)Thechangeinenthalpyofthereactioniscalculatedbelow.ΔH=ΔHproductsΔHreactantsΔH=ΔHSiF4(g)(ΔHF2(g)+ΔHSi(s))ΔH=1615.0(0+0)kJΔH=1615.0kJ

Hence, the change in enthalpy of Si(s) + 2F2(g)⟶SiF4(g) is -1615.0 kJ.

03

Enthalpy of formation of gases in reaction (b)

We have to calculate the standard enthalpy change for each reaction. For that, we have to know the enthalpy of formation for each compound in their respective states.

For the second reaction, we have to know the enthalpy of formation of the carbon, the hydrogen, the oxygen, and the acetic acid.

TheenthalpyofformationofC(s)is0kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofO2(g)is0kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofH2(g)is0kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofCH3CO2H(g)is484.2kJ/mol.

04

Change in enthalpy in reaction (b)

The reaction is:

2C(s)+2H2(g)+O2(g)CH3CO2H(g)Thechangeinenthalpyofthereactioniscalculatedbelow.ΔHreaction=ΔHproductsΔHreactantsΔHreaction=(ΔHCH3CO2H(g))(2×ΔHC(s)+2×ΔHH2(g)+ΔHO2(g))ΔHreaction=484.2(0+0+0)ΔHreaction=484.2kJ.

Hence, the change in enthalpy of 2C(s)+2H2(g)+O2(g)CH3CO2H(g) is -484.2 kJ.

05

Enthalpy of formation of gases in reaction (c)

We have to calculate the standard enthalpy change for each reaction. For that, we have to know the enthalpy of formation for each compound in their respective states.

For the third reaction, we have to know the enthalpy of formation of the methane, the nitrogen, the HCN(g), and the ammonia.

TheenthalpyofformationofCH4(g)is74.6kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofN2(g)is0kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofHCN(g)is135.5kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofNH3(g)is45.9kJ/mol.

06

Change in enthalpy in reaction (c)

The reaction is:

CH4(g)+N2(g)HCN(g)+NH3(g)Thechangeinenthalpyofthereactioniscalculatedbelow.ΔHreaction=ΔHproductsΔHreactantsΔHreaction=(ΔHNH3(g)+ΔHHCN(g))(ΔHCH4(g)+ΔHN2(g))ΔHreaction=(45.9+135.5)(74.6+0)ΔHreaction=(89.6+74.6)kJΔHreaction=164.2kJ

Hence, the change in enthalpy of CH4(g)+N2(g)HCN(g)+NH3(g) is 164.2 kJ.

07

Enthalpy of formation of gases in reaction (d)

We have to calculate the standard enthalpy change for each reaction. For that, we have to know the enthalpy of formation for each compound in their respective states.

For the fourthreaction, we have to know the enthalpy of formation of CS2(g), Cl2(g), CCl4(g), and S2Cl2(g).

TheenthalpyofformationofCS2(g)is116.kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofCl2(g)is0kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofCCl4(g)is95.7kJ/mol.TheenthalpyofformationofS2Cl2(g)is19.50kJ/mol.

08

Change in enthalpy in reaction (d)

The reaction is:

CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)Thechangeinenthalpyofthereactioniscalculatedbelow.ΔHreaction=ΔHproductsΔHreactantsΔHreaction=(ΔHS2Cl2(g)+ΔHCCl4(g))(ΔHCS2(g)+3×ΔHCl2(g))ΔHreaction=(19.5095.7)(116.9+0)ΔHreaction=(115.2116.9)kJΔHreaction=232.1kJ

Hence, the change in enthalpy of CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g) is -232.1 kJ.

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