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Balance the following equations:

\(\begin{array}{l}\;(a)\;PC{l_5}\left( s \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) \to POC{l_3}\left( l \right) + HCl\left( {aq} \right)\\\left( b \right)\,Cu\left( s \right) + HN{O_3}\left( {aq} \right) \to Cu{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) + NO\left( g \right)\\\left( c \right){H_2}\left( g \right) + {I_2}\left( g \right) \to HI\left( s \right)\\\left( d \right)\,Fe\left( s \right) + {O_2}\left( g \right) \to F{e_2}{O_3}\left( s \right)\\\left( e \right)\,Na\left( s \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) \to NaOH\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\\\left( f \right)\,{\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}C{r_2}{O_7}\left( s \right) \to C{r_2}{O_3}\left( s \right) + {N_2}\left( g \right) + {H_2}O\left( g \right)\\\left( g \right){P_4}\left( s \right) + C{l_2}\left( g \right) \to PC{l_3}\left( l \right)\\\left( h \right)PtC{l_4}\left( s \right) \to Pt\left( s \right) + C{l_2}\left( g \right)\end{array}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

\(\begin{array}{l}\;\left( a \right)\;PC{l_5}\left( s \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) \to POC{l_3}\left( l \right) + 2HCl\left( {aq} \right)\\\left( b \right)\,3Cu\left( s \right) + 8HN{O_3}\left( {aq} \right) \to 3Cu{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 4{H_2}O\left( l \right) + 2NO\left( g \right)\\\left( c \right){H_2}\left( g \right) + {I_2}\left( g \right) \to HI\left( s \right)\\\left( d \right)\,4Fe\left( s \right) + 3{O_2}\left( g \right) \to 2F{e_2}{O_3}\left( s \right)\\\left( e \right)\,2Na\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right) \to 2NaOH\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\\\left( f \right)\,{\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}C{r_2}{O_7}\left( s \right) \to C{r_2}{O_3}\left( s \right) + {N_2}\left( g \right) + 4{H_2}O\left( g \right)\\\left( g \right){P_4}\left( s \right) + 6C{l_2}\left( g \right) \to 4PC{l_3}\left( l \right)\\\left( h \right)PtC{l_4}\left( s \right) \to Pt\left( s \right) + 2C{l_2}\left( g \right)\end{array}\)

Step by step solution

01

Balance equation of part (a)

\(\left( a \right){\rm{\;PC}}{{\rm{l}}_5}\left( s \right) + {{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}\left( l \right) \to POC{l_3}\left( l \right) + 2HCl\left( {aq} \right)\)

First balance phosphorous and chlorine followed by hydrogen and oxygen

Draw balancing table for the equation:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

P

1×1

1×1

1=1

Cl

1×5

1×3+2×1

5=5

H

1×2

2×1

2=2

O

1×1

1×1

1=1

02

Balance equation of part (b)

\(\left( b \right)\,3Cu\left( s \right) + 8HN{O_3}\left( {aq} \right) \to 3Cu{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 4{H_2}O\left( l \right) + 2NO\left( g \right)\)

First balance copper, nitrogen followed by hydrogen and oxygen

Draw balancing table for the equation:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Cu

3×1

3×1

3=3

N

8×1

3×2+2×1

8=8

H

8×1

4×2

2=2

O

8×3

3×6+4×1+2×1

24=24

03

Balance equation of part (c)

\(\left( c \right){H_2}\left( g \right) + {I_2}\left( g \right) \to HI\left( s \right)\)

First balance iodine and hydrogen

Draw balancing table for the equation:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

I

1×2

2×1

2=2

H

1×2

2×1

2=2

04

Balance equation of part (d)

\(\left( d \right)\,4Fe\left( s \right) + 3{O_2}\left( g \right) \to 2F{e_2}{O_3}\left( s \right)\)

First balance iron and oxygen

Draw balancing table for the equation:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Fe

4×1

2×2

4=4

O

3×2

2×3

6=6

05

Balance equation of part (e)

\(\left( e \right)\,2Na\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right) \to 2NaOH\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\)

First balance sodium and hydrogen followed by oxygen

Draw balancing table for the equation:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Na

2×1

2×1

2=2

H

2×2

2×1+1×2

4=4

O

2×1

2×1

2=2

06

Balance equation of part (f)

\(\left( f \right)\,{\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}C{r_2}{O_7}\left( s \right) \to C{r_2}{O_3}\left( s \right) + {N_2}\left( g \right) + 4{H_2}O\left( g \right)\)

First balance chromium, nitrogen followed by hydrogen and oxygen

Draw balancing table for the equation:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Cr

1×2

1×2

2=2

N

1×2

1×2

2=2

H

1×8

4×2

8=8

O

1×7

1×3+4×1

7=7

07

Balance equation of part (g)

\(\left( g \right){P_4}\left( s \right) + 6C{l_2}\left( g \right) \to 4PC{l_3}\left( l \right)\)

First balance chlorine and then phosphorus

Draw balancing table for the equation:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Cl

6×2

4×3

12=12

P

1×4

4×1

4 = 4

08

Balance equation of part (h) 

\(\left( h \right)PtC{l_4}\left( s \right) \to Pt\left( s \right) + 2C{l_2}\left( g \right)\)

First balance chlorine

Draw balancing table for the equation:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Cl

1×4

2×2

4=4

Pt

1×1

1×1

1=1

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