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Determine the oxidation states of the elements in the compounds listed. None of the oxygen-containing compounds are peroxides or superoxides.

(a)\({H_3}P{O_4}\)

(b)\(Al{\left( {OH} \right)_3}\)

(c)\(Se{O_2}\)

(d)\(KN{O_2}\)

(e)\(I{n_2}{S_3}\)

(f)\({P_4}{O_6}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified

The oxidation states of the elements in the compound are

  1. \(H\left( { + 1} \right),P\left( { + 5} \right),O\left( { - 2} \right)\)
  2. \(Al\left( { + 3} \right),O\left( { - 2} \right),H\left( { + 1} \right)\)
  3. \(Se\left( { + 4} \right),O\left( { - 2} \right)\)
  4. \(K\left( { + 1} \right),N\left( { + 3} \right),O\left( { - 2} \right)\)
  5. \(In\left( { + 3} \right),S\left( { - 2} \right)\)
  6. \(P\left( { + 3} \right),O\left( { - 2} \right)\)

Step by step solution

01

Determine the oxidation states of elements in part (a)

Consider theoxidation numbers ofoxygen (-2) and hydrogen(+1) in (a).

Hence the oxidation state of phosphorous is +5 as indicated below:

\(\begin{aligned}{}3 \times \left( { + 1} \right) + x + 4 \times \left( { - 2} \right) = 0\\x = + 5\end{aligned}\)

02

Determine the oxidation states of elements in part (b)

Consider the oxidation numbers of oxygen (-2) and hydrogen (+1) in (b).

Therefore, the oxidation state of aluminium is +3 as shown below:

\(\begin{aligned}{}x + 3 \times \left( { - 2} \right) + 3 \times \left( { + 1} \right) = 0\\x = + 3\end{aligned}\)

03

Determine the oxidation states of elements in part (c)

Consider theoxidation number of oxygen (-2) in (c).

Therefore,theoxidation state of selenium is +4 as shown below:

\(\begin{aligned}{}x + 2 \times \left( { - 2} \right) = 0\\x = + 4\end{aligned}\)

04

Determine theoxidation states of elements in part (d)

Consider theoxidation numbers of oxygen (-2) and potassium (+1) in (d).

Therefore,theoxidation state of nitrogen is +3 as given below:

\(\begin{aligned}{}1 \times 1 + x + 2 \times \left( { - 2} \right) = 0\\x = + 3\end{aligned}\)

05

Determine the oxidation states of elements in part (e)

Consider theoxidation number of sulfur (-2) in (e).

Therefore,theoxidation state of indium is +3 as given below:

\(\begin{aligned}{}2x + 3 \times \left( { - 2} \right) = 0\\x = + 3\end{aligned}\)

06

Determine the oxidation states of elements in part (f)

Consider theoxidation number of oxygen(-2) in (f).

Therefore,theoxidation state of phosphorous is +3 as given below:

\(\begin{aligned}{}4x + 6 \times \left( { - 2} \right) = 0\\x = + 3\end{aligned}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the percent of chloride ion in a sample if 1.324g of sample produces 1.0881g of AgCl when treated with excess Ag+\(A{g^ + } + C{l^ - } \to AgCl\)

What mass of gallium oxide Ga2O3 can be prepared from 29 g of gallium metal? The equation for the reaction is \(4Ga + 3{O_2} \to 2G{a_2}{O_3}\)

In an acidic solution hydrogen peroxide reacts with Fe+2 to produce Fe+3 and water. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.

What volume of a 0.00945 M solution of potassium hydroxide would be required to titrate 50.00 mL of a sample of acid rain with a H2SO4 concentration of 1.23ร—10-4M

\({{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ + 2KO}}{{\rm{H}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}{{\rm{K}}_2}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ + 2}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{{\rm{(l)}}}}\)

Colourful fireworks often involve the decomposition of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate and the reaction of metals magnesium, aluminium, and iron with oxygen.

(a)Write the formulae of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate.

(b)The decomposition of solid potassium chlorate leads to the formation of solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. Write an equation for the reaction.

(c) The decomposition of solid barium nitrate leads to the formation of solid barium oxide, diatomic nitrogen gas and diatomic oxygen gas. Write an equation for the reaction.

(d)Write separate equations for the reactions of the solid metals magnesium, aluminium and iron and oxygen gas to yield the corresponding metal oxides.(Assume the iron oxide contains \(F{e^{3 + }}\)ions.)

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