Question

Isooctane is the common name of the isomer of\({C_8}{H_{18}}\)used as the standard of 100 for the gasoline octane rating:

(a) What is the IUPAC name for the compound?

(b) Name the other isomers that contain a five-carbon chain with three methyl substituents.

Short answer

The condensed formulas are as shown below.

2,2,3-trimethylpentane

2,3,4-Trimethylpentane

2,3,3-Trimethylpentane

Step-by-step solution

Step 1:IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an organization that promotes the study of pure and applied chemistry. It is the most organized nomenclature system. The structural formula of a compound is used to name a compound, and each compound has its own IUPAC name.

 Step 2:Find the name of the molecule

a.

The condensed formula of isooctane with formula \({{\rm{C}}_8}{{\rm{H}}_{18}}\) is as shown below.

Iso octane

The five-carbon chain is numbered starting at the right end. The substituents areplaced in positions \(2,\;2,\) and \(4\) as a result of this. The compound's base name will be pentane because the longest chain has five carbon atoms linked by single bonds. Adding \(2,2,4 - \)trimethyl to the beginning of the name describes the number and the position of the methyl group substituents. As a result, the molecule's name is \(2,2,4 - \)trimethylpentane.

Step 3:Isomers of the molecule

b.

The isomers of isooctane with the formula \({{\rm{C}}_8}{{\rm{H}}_{18}}\) that have a five-carbon chain and three methyl groups as substituents have the following condensed formulas.

\(2,2,3 - \)trimethylpentane

\(2,2,4 - \)trimethylpentane

\(2,3,3 - \)trimethylpentane