Question

In usual practice, both a moderator and control rods are necessary to operate a nuclear chain reaction safely for the purpose of energy production. Cite the function of each and explain why both are necessary.

Short answer

A moderator is required to run a nuclear chain reaction because it slows the neutrons produced by the reaction, and control rods are required to run a nuclear chain reaction because they absorb the excess neutrons. They give security in this way.

Step-by-step solution

Step 1: Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies radioactivity, nuclear processes, and atomic nuclei alterations such as nuclear transmutation and nuclear characteristics.

Explanation

A moderator is required to run a nuclear chain reaction because it slows down the neutrons produced by the process. Neurons move too quickly to cause fission reactions. They can be taken by the fuel, causing more nuclear reactions.

Because they are used to control the pace of fusion, control rods are required to run a nuclear chain reaction. They absorb the extra neutrons generated and so keep the chain reaction rate at a safe level.

Both are essential to assure safety and avoid a nuclear catastrophe.

Therefore, a moderator is essential to operate a nuclear chain reaction because it slows neutrons produced by the nuclear reaction. Control rods are also essential to operate a nuclear chain reaction as they absorb the excess number of neutrons. This way, safety is provided.