Chapter 21: Q37 E (page 1147)
Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found:
(a)n= 3,l= 2
(b)n= 1,l= 0
(c)n= 4,l= 3
(a)2p
(b) 1s
(c) 4f
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The mass of a hydrogen atom (\(_{\rm{1}}^{\rm{1}}{\rm{H}}\)) is\({\rm{1}}{\rm{.007825}}\)amu; that of a tritium atom (\(_{\rm{1}}^{\rm{3}}{\rm{H}}\)) is\({\rm{3}}{\rm{.01605}}\)amu; and that of an\({\rm{\alpha }}\)particle is\({\rm{4}}{\rm{.00150}}\)amu. How much energy in kilojoules per mole of\(_{\rm{4}}^{\rm{2}}{\rm{He}}\)produced is released by the following fusion reaction:\(_{\rm{1}}^{\rm{1}}{\rm{H + }}_{\rm{1}}^{\rm{3}}{\rm{H}} \to _{\rm{4}}^{\rm{2}}{\rm{He}}\).
Given specimens uranium\({\rm{ - 232}}\)(\({{\rm{t}}_{{\rm{1/2}}}}{\rm{ = 68}}{\rm{.9 y}}\)) and uranium\({\rm{ - 233}}\)(\({{\rm{t}}_{{\rm{1/2}}}}{\rm{ = 159,200 y}}\)) of equal mass, which one would have greater activity and why?
Question: Write a brief description or definition of each of the following:
(a) nucleon
(b) \(\alpha particle\)
(c) \(\beta \) particle
(d) positron
(e) \({\bf{\gamma - }}\)ray
(f) nuclide
(g) mass number
(h) atomic number
Question: Why is electron capture accompanied by the emission of an\({\rm{X - }}\)ray?
Isotopes such as\(^{26}{\rm{Al}}\)(half-life:\(7.2 \times {10^5}\)years) are believed to have been present in our solar system as it formed, but have since decayed and are now called extinct nuclides.
(a)\(^{26}{\rm{Al}}\)decays by\({\beta ^ + }\)emission or electron capture. Write the equations for these two nuclear transformations.
(b) The earth was formed about\(4.7 \times {10^9}\)(4.7 billion) years ago. How old was the earth when\(99.999999\% \)of the\(^{26}{\rm{Al}}\)originally present had decayed?
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