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Chapter 10: Q4E (page 583)

Explain why liquids assume the shape of any container into which they are poured, whereas solids are rigid and retain their shape.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Liquids have the tendency to flow as the molecules in a liquid are free to move, while solids don’t have this property because the molecules in a solid are highly incompressible.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Liquid

A liquid state is one of the states of matter. While a liquid has a specified volume, it lacks a defined shape since its particles are free to circulate.

Liquids are formed by the intermolecular interactions that connect atoms or molecules.

02

Explanation of the difference between liquids and solids

Liquids adopt the shape of any container into which they are poured, whereas solids retain their shape because liquid particles are allowed to travel past each other while solid particles are locked in a fixed location.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify two common observations indicating some liquids have sufficient vapor pressures to noticeably evaporate.

As it cools, olive oil slowly solidifies and forms a solid over a range of temperatures. Which best describes the solid?

(a) ionic (b) covalent network (c) metallic (d) amorphous (e) molecular crystals

Elemental carbon has one gas phase, one liquid phase, and two different solid phases, as shown in the phase diagram

  1. On the phase diagram, label the gas and liquid regions.
  2. Graphite is the most stable phase of carbon at normal conditions. On the phase diagram, label the graphite phase.
  3. If graphite at normal conditions is heated to 2500 K while the pressure is increased to 1010 Pa, it is converted into diamond. Label the diamond phase.
  4. Circle each triple point on the phase diagram.
  5. In what phase does carbon exist at 5000 K and 108 Pa?
  6. If the temperature of a sample of carbon increases from 3000 K to 5000 K at a constant pressure of 106 Pa, which phase transition occurs, if any?

You may have heard someone use the figure of speech “slower than molasses in winter” to describe a process that occurs slowly. Explain why this is an apt idiom, using concepts of molecular size and shape, molecular interactions, and the effect of changing temperature.

Identify the type of crystalline solid (metallic, network covalent, ionic, or molecular) formed by each of the following substances:

\(\begin{array}{l}{\rm{(a)CaC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}\\{\rm{(b)SiC}}\\{\rm{(c)}}{{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}}\\{\rm{(d)Fe}}\\{\rm{(e)C(graphite)}}\\{\rm{(f)C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\\{\rm{(g)HCl}}\\{\rm{(h)N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}{\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}\\{\rm{(i)}}{{\rm{K}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{4}}}\end{array}\)
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