Chapter 1: Q63E (page 9)
How manymilliliters of a soft drink are contained in a 12.0-oz can?
The volume in milliliters of a soft drink contained is 355 milliliters.
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Perform the following calculations and report each answer with the correct number of significant figures.
(a) 62.8 × 34
(b) 0.147 + 0.0066 + 0.012
(c) 38 × 95 × 1.792
(d) 15 – 0.15 – 0.6155
(e) 8.78 × (0.0500/ 0.478)
(f) 140 + 7.68 + 0.014
(g) 28.7 – 0.0483
(h) (88.5 − 87.57)/ 45.13
Which produces more heat?
\({\bf{Os}}\left( {\bf{s}} \right) \to {\bf{2}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\left( {\bf{g}} \right) \to {\bf{Os}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}\left( {\bf{s}} \right)\)
or
\({\bf{Os}}\left( {\bf{s}} \right) \to {\bf{2}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\left( {\bf{g}} \right) \to {\bf{Os}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}\left( {\bf{g}} \right)\)
for the phase change \({\bf{Os}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}\left( {\bf{s}} \right) \to {\bf{Os}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}\left( {\bf{g}} \right){\bf{ \Delta H = 56}}{\bf{.4 kJ}}\)
Does the standard enthalpy of formation of \({{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{O}}\left( {\bf{g}} \right)\)differ from ΔH° for the reaction \({\bf{2}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}\left( {\bf{g}} \right){\bf{ + }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\left( {\bf{g}} \right) \to {\bf{2}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{O}}\left( {\bf{g}} \right)\)?
Round off each of the following numbers to two significant figures:
(a) 0.436
(b) 9.000
(c) 27.2
(d) 135
(e) 1.497 × 10-3
(f) 0.445
As stated in the text, convincing examples that demonstrate the law of conservation of matter outside of the laboratory are few and far between. Indicate whether the mass would increase, decrease, or stay the same for the following scenarios where chemical reactions take place:
(a) Exactly one pound of bread dough is placed in a baking tin. The dough is cooked in an oven at 350 °F releasing a wonderful aroma of freshly baked bread during the cooking process. Is the mass of the baked loaf less than, greater than, or the same as the one pound of original dough? Explain.
(b) When magnesium burns in air a white flaky ash of magnesium oxide is produced. Is the mass of magnesium oxide less than, greater than, or the same as the original piece of magnesium? Explain.
(c) Antoine Lavoisier, the French scientist credited with first stating the law of conservation of matter, heated a mixture of tin and air in a sealed flask to produce tin oxide. Did the mass of the sealed flask and contents decrease, increase, or remain the same after the heating?
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