Chapter 7: Q1E (page 389)
Does a cation gain protons to form a positive charge or does it lose electrons?
To form cations and anions, atoms gain and lose electrons, while their proton count remains constant.
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Write Lewis structures for the following: (a)\({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\)(b)\({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{CO}}\)(c)\({\rm{As}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{3}}}\)(d)\({\rm{ClNO}}\)(e)\({\rm{SiC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{4}}}\)(f)\({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{{\rm{O}}^{\rm{ + }}}\)(g)\({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}^{\rm{ + }}\)(h)\({\rm{B}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{4}}}^{\rm{ - }}\)(i)\({\rm{HCCH}}\)(j)\({\rm{CICN}}\)(k)\({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\).
Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions:\({\rm{Br, Ca, Na, N, F, Al, Sn, S, Cd}}\)?
Predict the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following molecules or ions:
(a)\({\rm{S}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{6}}}\)
(b)\({\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{5}}}\)
(c)\({\rm{Be}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
(d) \({\rm{CH}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ + }}\)
Use the Molecule Shape simulator (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16MolecShape) to explore real molecules. On the Real Molecules tab, select “model” mode and S2O. What is the model bond angle? Explain whether the “real” bond angle should be larger or smaller than the ideal model angle.
Question: Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, determine which bond is stronger: the \({\rm{P - Cl}}\) bond in \({\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{(g)}}\) or in \({\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{5}}}{\rm{(g)}}\)?
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