Chapter 2: Q39E (page 123)
Using the periodic table, identify the lightest member of each of the following groups:
(a) noble gases
(b) alkaline earth metals
(c) alkali metals
(d) chalcogens
a. Helium
b. Beryllium
c. Lithium
d. Oxygens
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Variations in average atomic mass may be observed for elements obtained from different sources. Lithium provides an example of this. The isotopic composition of lithium from naturally occurring minerals is 7.5% 6Li and 92.5% 7Li, which have masses of 6.01512 amu and 7.01600 amu, respectively. A commercial source of lithium, recycled from a military source, was 3.75% 6Li (and the rest 7Li). Calculate the average atomic mass values for each of these two sources.
The following compounds are found in common household products. Name each of these compounds:
a. Ca(H3PO4)2
b. FeSO4
c. CaCO3
d. MgO
e. NaNO2
f. KI
What are the IUPAC names of the following compounds?
Give the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in neutral atoms of each of the following isotopes:
\(\begin{aligned}{}\begin{aligned}{{}{}}{\left( a \right){\rm{ }}{}_5^{10}B}\\{\left( b \right){\rm{ }}{}_{80}^{199}Hg}\\{\left( c \right){\rm{ }}{}_{29}^{63}Cu}\\{\left( d \right){\rm{ }}{}_6^{13}C}\end{aligned}\\\left( e \right){\rm{ }}{}_{34}^{77}Se\end{aligned}\)
Predict and test the behavior of ฮฑ particles fired at a โplum puddingโ model atom.
(a) Predict the paths taken by ฮฑ particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomsonโs plum pudding model structure. Explain why you expect the ฮฑ particles to take these paths.
(b) If ฮฑ particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy ฮฑ particle paths. Explain your reasoning.
(c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the โPlum Pudding Atomโ tab. Set โAlpha Particles Energyโ to โmin,โ and select โshow traces.โ Click on the gun to start firing ฮฑ particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button, or โReset All.โ Set โAlpha Particles Energyโ to โmax,โ and start firing ฮฑ particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual paths as shown in the simulation.
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