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Chapter 4: Q4.2P (page 140)

What two factors cause water to be polar?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The two factors that cause water to be polar are: the bent shape of a water molecule and its polar bonds.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the nature of bonds of the water molecule

In water molecules, the atoms are dissimilar in size and due to the high electronegativity of the oxygen atom, it attracts the electrons towards itself due to which a partial charge is generated on oxygen and hydrogen atoms i.e.,a positive charge on hydrogen and a negative charge on oxygen atomwhich makes a dipole in the water molecule and makes the water molecule polar in nature.

02

Determine the shape of the water molecule

Due to the presence of two lone pairs on the oxygen atom, the steric hindrance is high between themso, to reduce the steric hindrance between L.P - L.P or L.P - B.P in the water molecule, it becomes bent in shape to form a stable structure.

Hence this makes the water molecule polar in nature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Over time, as their free fatty acid (FFA) content increases, edible fats and oils become rancid. To measure rancidity, the fat or oil is dissolved in ethanol, and any FFA present is titrated with KOH dissolved in ethanol. In a series of tests on olive oil, a stock solution of 0.050 M ethanolic KOH was prepared at 25⁰C , stored at 0^oC, and then placed in a 100-mL buret to titrate any oleic acid $[{CH}_{3} {({CH}_{2})}_{7} CH = CH {({CH}_{2})}_{7} COOH]$ present in the oil. Each of four 10.00-g samples of oil took several minutes to titrate: the first required 19.60 mL, the second 19.80 mL, and the third and fourth 20.00 mL of the ethanolic KOH.

(a) What is the apparent acidity of each sample, in terms of mass % of oleic acid? (Note: As the ethanolic KOH warms in the buret, its volume increases by a factor of .)

(b) Is the variation in acidity a random or systematic error? Explain.

(c) What is the actual acidity? How would you demonstrate this?

Question: How many moles ofions are present in the following aqueous solutions?

(a) 1.4 mL of 0.75 M hydrobromic acid

(b) 2.47 mL of 1.98 M hydriodic acid

(c) 395 mL of 0.270 M nitric acid

Balance each of the following redox reactions and classify it as a combination, decomposition, or displacement reaction:

$(a) H I (g) \to H_{2} (g) + I_{2} (g)$

$(b) Z n (s) + A g N O_{3} (a q) \to Z n {(N O_{3})}_{2} (a q) + A g (s)$

$(c) N O (g) + O_{2} (g) \to N_{2} O_{4} (l)$

An unknown amount of acid can often be determined by adding an excess of base and then “back-titrating” the excess. A 0.3471-g sample of a mixture of oxalic acid, which has two ionizable protons, and benzoic acid, which has one, is treated with 100.0 mL of 0.1000 M NaOH. The excess NaOH is titrated with 20.00 mL of 0.2000 M HCl. Find the mass % of benzoic acid.

Use the oxidation number method to balance the following equations by placing coefficients in the blanks. Identify the reducing and oxidizing agents:

$\begin{array}{l} (a)_KOH (aq) +_H_{2} O_{2} (aq) +_Cr {(OH)}_{3} (s) \to_K_{_{2}} {CrO}_{4} (aq) +_H_{2} O (l) \\ (b)_{MnO}_{4}^{-} (aq) +_{ClO}_{2}^{-} (aq) +_H_{2} O (l) \to_{MnO}_{2} (s) +_{ClO}_{4}^{-} (aq) + {OH}^{-} (aq) \\ (c)_{KMnO}_{4} (aq) +_{Na}_{2} {SO}_{3} (aq) +_H_{2} O (l) \to_{MnO}_{2} (s) +_{Na}_{2} {SO}_{4} (aq) +_KOH (aq) \\ (d)_{CrO}_{4}^{2 -} (aq) +_{HSnO}_{2}^{-} (aq) +_H_{2} O (l) \to_{CrO}_{2}^{-} (aq) +_{HSnO}_{3}^{-} (aq) + {OH}^{-} (aq) \\ (e)_{KMnO}_{4} (aq) +_{NaNO}_{2} (aq) +_H_{2} O (l) \to_{MnO}_{2} (s) +_{NaNO}_{3} (aq) +_KOH (aq) \\ (f)_I^{-} (aq) +_O_{2} (g) +_H_{2} O (l) \to_I_{2} (s) +_{OH}^{-} (aq) \end{array}$

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