Question

Distinguish between the terms spontaneous and nonspontaneous. Can a nonspontaneous process occur? Explain.

Short answer

Spontaneous processes occur naturally, and non-spontaneous process occurs with the help of an external force. A non-spontaneous process occurs as long as there is an external force applied.

Step-by-step solution

Concept Introduction.

A spontaneous process can move in a specific direction without the assistance of an external source of energy. When an external source of energy drives a non-spontaneous process, it moves in a specific direction.

Difference between Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous.

A spontaneous reaction will occur naturally. For example, an ice melting in room temperature. A non-spontaneous reaction occurs with the help of external force or energy input. For example, lighting up a paper on fire. A person needs to ignite a fire for it to burn or else the reaction will not happen. A non-spontaneous reaction can occur as long as there is an external force or energy constantly supplied. A non-spontaneous reaction can also happen in the reverse reaction of a spontaneous one.

Therefore, spontaneous means naturally occurring and non-spontaneous occurs with the help of third-party force.