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Chapter 11: Q4P (page 432)

How many hybrid orbitals form when four atomic orbitals of a central atom mix? Explain

Short Answer

Expert verified

Hybrid orbitals are formed only by combining atomic orbitals. These are very different from the atomic orbitals in isolated atoms in shapes and orientations.

Step by step solution

01

How hybrid orbital form

In isolated atoms, hybrid orbitals do not exist.These are formed only by the combination of atomic orbitals which are equivalent in shape and energy.

02

Step2:Number of hybrid orbitals formed

The number of hybrid orbitals formed depends upon the number of atomic orbitals that combines.This means that when four atomic orbitals of a central atom mix formation of four hybrid orbitals take place.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the orbital hybridization of a central atom that has one lone pair and bonds to

two other atoms;
three other atoms;
four other atoms;
five other atoms?

Silicon tetrafluoride reacts withto produce the hexafluorosilicate ion, ${SiF}_{6}^{2 -}$ ; ${GeF}_{4}$ behaves similarly, but ${CF}_{4}$ does not.

Draw Lewis structures for ${SiF}_{4}$ , ${GeF}_{6}^{2 -}$ , and ${CF}_{4}$ .
What is the hybridization of the central atom in each species?
Why doesn’t ${CF}_{4}$ react with $F$ to form ${CF}_{6}^{2 -}$ ?

Tryptophan is one of the amino acids found in proteins:

(a) What is the hybridization of each of the numbered C, N, and O atoms?

(b) How many sigma bonds are present in tryptophan?

(c) Predict the bond angles at points a, b, and c.

There is concern in health-related government agencies that the American diet contains too much meat, and numerous recommendations have been made urging people to consume more fruit and vegetables. One of the richest sources of vegetable protein is soy, available in many forms. Among these is soybean curd, or tofu, which is a staple of many Asian diets. Chemists have isolated an anticancer agent called genistein from tofu, which may explain the much lower incidence of cancer among people in the Far East. A valid Lewis structure for genistein is NN

Is the hybridization of each $C$ in the right-hand ring the same? Explain.
Is the hybridization of the $O$ atom in the centre ring the same as that of the $O$ atoms in $OH$ groups? Explain.
How many carbon-oxygen $σ$ bonds are there? How many carbon-oxygen $π$ bonds?
Do all the lone pairs on oxygens occupy the same type of hybrid orbital? Explain.

Hydrazine, $N_{2} H_{4}$ , and carbon disulfide, ${CS}_{2}$ , form a cyclic molecule (right).

Draw Lewis structures for $N_{2} H_{4}$ and ${CS}_{2}$ .
How do electron-group arrangement, molecular shape, and hybridization of N change when $N_{2} H_{4}$ reacts to form the product?
How do electron-group arrangement, molecular shape, and hybridization of C change when ${CS}_{2}$ reacts to form the product?

See all solutions

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