Question

Use partial orbital diagrams to show how the atomic orbitals of the central atom lead to the hybrid orbitals in:

$$\begin{gathered} \mathbf{a}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{}{{\mathbf{IF}}_{\mathbf{2}}}^{\mathbf{-}} \\ \mathbf{b}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{ICI}}_{\mathbf{3}} \\ \mathbf{c}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{XeOF}}_{\mathbf{4}} \\ \mathbf{d}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{BHF}}_{\mathbf{2}} \end{gathered}$$

Short answer

$$\begin{gathered} \mathbf{a}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{}{{\mathbf{IF}}_{\mathbf{2}}}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{=}{\mathbf{sp}}^{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{d}\mathbf{}\mathbf{hybridised} \\ \mathbf{b}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{ICI}}_{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{=}{\mathbf{sp}}^{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{d}\mathbf{}\mathbf{hybridised} \\ \mathbf{c}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{XeOF}}_{\mathbf{4}}\mathbf{=}{\mathbf{sp}}^{\mathbf{3}}{\mathbf{d}}^{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{hybridised} \\ \mathbf{d}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{BHF}}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{=}{\mathbf{sp}}^{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{hybridised} \end{gathered}$$

Step-by-step solution

Bonding

Bonding may be defined as the force of attractionbetween two or more atoms to form a compound. The molecule can have the same atom and a different atom.

Hybridisation may be defined as the mixing of the atomic orbitalto form a hybrid orbital before bonding with another atomic orbital having a similar atomic orbital.

Structure Representation

In molecule, the valence shell of I-atom and F-atom is p-orbital which requires 1 electron to fulfil the noble gas configuration for both atoms. The I-atom have 7 electrons in the valence shell and the hybridisation is sp³dwhich has geometry trigonal bipyramidal. The shape of the molecule is a bent shape having lone pair on the other position of the hybrid orbital.

 Step 3: Structure Representation

In molecule, the valence shell of I-atom and Cl-atom is p-orbital which require 1 electron to fulfil the noble gas configuration for both atoms. The I-atom have 7 electrons in the valence shell and the hybridisation issp³dwhich has geometry trigonal bipyramidal. The shape of the molecule is a trigonal planar shape having lone pair on the other position of the hybrid orbital.

Structure Representation

In molecule, the valence shell of Xe-atom and F-atom used p-orbital having noble configuration and require 1 electron to fulfil the noble configuration. The F-atom have 7 electrons in the valence shell and the hybridisation is sp³d²which has geometry octahedral. The shape of the molecule is a square pyramidal shape having lone pair on the other position of the hybrid orbital.

Structure Representation

In molecule, the valence shell of B-atom, H-atom and F-atom. The b-atom and F-atom used p-orbital whereas H-atom used s-orbital. The B-atom have 3 electrons in the valence shell and the hybridisation is sp²which has geometry trigonal planar. The shape of the molecule is a trigonal planar shape having lone pair on the other position of the hybrid orbital.