Question

Predict the shape, state the hybridization of the central atom, and give the ideal bond angle(s) and any expected deviations for:

$$\begin{gathered} \mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{BrO}}_{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{} \\ \mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{b}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{AsC}{{\mathbf{l}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{} \\ \mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Se}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{} \\ \mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{d}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Bi}{{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{5}}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{} \\ \mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Sb}{{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{+}\mathbf{}} \\ \mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{f}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{AI}{{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{6}}}^{\mathbf{3}\mathbf{-}}\mathbf{} \\ \mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}{{\mathbf{IF}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{+}} \end{gathered}$$

Short answer

Hybridization of central atom and bond angle:

$$\begin{gathered} \left(\mathrm{a}\right){\mathbf{BrO}}_{\mathbf{3}}={\mathrm{sp}}^3\mathrm{hybridized}\mathrm{having}\mathrm{geometry}\mathrm{tetrahedral}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{have}\mathrm{angle}{104}^{°} \\ \left(\mathrm{b}\right)\mathbf{AsC}{{\mathbf{l}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{-}={\mathrm{dsp}}^3\mathrm{hybridized}\mathrm{having}\mathrm{geometry}\mathrm{square}\mathrm{pyramidal}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{have}\mathrm{angle}{102}^{°} \\ \left(\mathrm{c}\right)\mathbf{Se}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}={\mathrm{sp}}^3\mathrm{hybridized}\mathrm{having}\mathrm{geometry}\mathrm{tetrahedral}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{have}\mathrm{angle}{109}^{°} \\ \left(\mathrm{d}\right)\mathbf{Bi}{{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{5}}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}={\mathrm{sp}}^3{\mathrm{d}}^2\mathrm{hybridized}\mathrm{having}\mathrm{geometry}\mathrm{square}\mathrm{pyramidal}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{have}\mathrm{angle}{90}^{°} \\ \left(\mathrm{e}\right)\mathbf{Sb}{{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{+}\mathbf{}}={\mathrm{sp}}^3\mathrm{hybridized}\mathrm{having}\mathrm{geometry}\mathrm{tetrahedral}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{have}\mathrm{angle}{109}^{°} \\ \left(\mathrm{f}\right)\mathbf{}\mathbf{AI}{{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{6}}}^{\mathbf{3}\mathbf{-}}={\mathrm{sp}}^3{\mathrm{d}}^2\mathrm{hybridized}\mathrm{having}\mathrm{geometry}\mathrm{octahedral}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{have}\mathrm{angle}{90}^{°} \\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right)\mathbf{}\mathbf{I}{{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{+}}={\mathrm{sp}}^3\mathrm{d}\mathrm{hybridized}\mathrm{having}\mathrm{geometry}\mathrm{square}\mathrm{pyramidal}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{have}\mathrm{angle}103.{60}^{°} \end{gathered}$$

Step-by-step solution

Bonding

Bonding may be defined as the force of attractionbetween two or more atoms to form a compound. The molecule can have the same atom and a different atom.

Hybridization may be defined as themixing of the atomic orbital to form a hybrid orbital before bonding with another atomic orbital having a similar atomic orbital.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathbf{BrO}}_{\mathbf{3}}}^{\mathbf{-}}$Is the molecule having the hybridization of sp³which is having geometry tetrahedral having a bond angle of 109^o. However, the shape of the molecule is a triangular plane.

As there is lone pair on the Br-atom which is not included in the shape but included in the geometry of the molecule. The bond angle between the atoms is 104^o because of the repulsion between the bond pair- lone pair.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathbf{AsCl}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{-}}$Is the molecule having the hybridisation of dsp³which is having geometry tetrahedral having bond angle of 102^o. But the shape of the molecule is See-Saw.

As there is lone pair on the As-atom which is not included in the shape but included in the geometry of the molecule. The bond angle between the atoms is 102^o because of the repulsion between the bond pair- lone pair.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathbf{SeO}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}$Is the molecule having the hybridisation of sp³which is having geometry tetrahedral having bond angle of 109^o. But the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathbf{BiF}}_{\mathbf{5}}}^{\mathbf{2}\mathbf{-}}$Is the molecule having the hybridisation of sp³d²which is having geometry octahedral having bond angle of 90^o. However, the shape of the molecule is square pyramidal.

As there is lone pair on the Bi-atom which is not included in the shape but included in the geometry of the molecule. The bond angle between the atoms is 90^o because of the repulsion between the bond pair- lone pair.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathbf{SbF}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{+}}$Is the molecule having the hybridisation ofsp³which is having geometry tetrahedral having bond angle of 109^o. But the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral.

There is a single bond between the F-atom and Sb-atom.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathbf{AIF}}_{\mathbf{6}}}^{\mathbf{3}\mathbf{-}}$Is the molecule having the hybridization of sp³d²which is having geometry octahedral having bond angle of 90^o. But the shape of the molecule is octahedral.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathbf{IF}}_{\mathbf{4}}}^{\mathbf{+}}$Is the molecule having the hybridization of sp³dwhich is having geometry square pyramidal having bond angle of 102^o. However, the shape of the molecule is square pyramidal.

As there is lone pair on the I-atom which is not included in the shape but included in the geometry of the molecule. The bond angle between the atoms is 103.6^o because of the repulsion between the bond pair- lone pair.