Question

Predict the shape, state the hybridization of the central atom, and give the ideal bond angle(s) and any expected deviations for:

1. ${{\mathbf{BrO}}_3}^{-}$
2. ${{\mathbf{AsCl}}_4}^{-}$
3. ${{\mathbf{SeO}}_4}^{2-}$
4. ${{\mathbf{BiF}}_5}^{2-}$
5. ${{\mathbf{SbF}}_4}^{+}$
6. ${{\mathbf{AlF}}_6}^{3-}$
7. ${{\mathbf{IF}}_4}^{+}$

Short answer

Hybridization of central atom and bond angle:

1. ${{\mathbf{BrO}}_3}^{-}$= sp³hybridized having geometry tetrahedral and have angle 104^o
2. ${{\mathbf{AsCl}}_4}^{-}$= dsp³hybridized having geometry square pyramidaland have angle 102^o
3. ${{\mathbf{SeO}}_4}^{2-}$= sp³hybridized having geometry tetrahedral and have angle 109^o
4. ${{\mathbf{BiF}}_5}^{2-}$= sp³d²hybridized having geometry square pyramidal and have angle 90^o
5. ${{\mathbf{SbF}}_4}^{+}$= sp³hybridized having geometry tetrahedral and have angle 109^o
6. ${{\mathbf{AlF}}_6}^{3-}$= sp³d²hybridized having geometry octahedral and have angle 90^o
7. ${{\mathbf{IF}}_4}^{+}$= sp³d hybridized having geometry square pyramidal and have angle 103.6⁰

Step-by-step solution

Bonding

Bonding may be defined as the force of attraction between two or more atoms to form a compound. The molecule can have the same atom and a different atom.

Hybridization may be defined as the mixing of the atomic orbitalto form a hybrid orbital before bonding with another atomic orbital having a similar atomic orbital.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathrm{BrO}}_3}^{-}$Is the molecule having the hybridization ofsp³ which is having geometry tetrahedral having a bond angle of 109^o. However, the shape of the molecule is a triangular plane.

As there is lone pair on the Br-atom which is not included in the shape but included in the geometry of the molecule. The bond angle between the atoms is 104^o because of the repulsion between the bond pair- lone pair.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathrm{AsCl}}_4}^{-}$Is the molecule having the hybridisation of dsp³ which is having geometry tetrahedral having bond angle of 102^o. But the shape of the molecule is See-Saw.

As there is lone pair on the As-atom which is not included in the shape but included in the geometry of the molecule. The bond angle between the atoms is 102^o because of the repulsion between the bond pair- lone pair.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathrm{SeO}}_4}^{2-}$Is the molecule having the hybridisation of sp³which is having geometry tetrahedral having bond angle of 109^o. But the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathrm{BiF}}_5}^{2-}$Is the molecule having the hybridisation of sp³d² which is having geometry octahedral having bond angle of 90^o. However, the shape of the molecule is square pyramidal.

As there is lone pair on the Bi-atom which is not included in the shape but included in the geometry of the molecule. The bond angle between the atoms is 90^o because of the repulsion between the bond pair- lone pair.

Geometry Explanation 

${{\mathrm{SbF}}_4}^{+}$Is the molecule having the hybridisation of sp³which is having geometry tetrahedral having bond angle of 109^o. But the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral.

There is a single bond between the F-atom and Sb-atom.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathrm{AlF}}_6}^{3-}$Is the molecule having the hybridization of sp³d²which is having geometry octahedral having bond angle of 90^o. But the shape of the molecule is octahedral.

Geometry Explanation

${{\mathrm{IF}}_4}^{+}$Is the molecule having the hybridization of sp³dwhich is having geometry square pyramidal having bond angle of 102^o. However, the shape of the molecule is square pyramidal.

As there is lone pair on the I-atom which is not included in the shape but included in the geometry of the molecule. The bond angle between the atoms is 103.6^o because of the repulsion between the bond pair- lone pair.