Question

Question: What is the general rule concerning the order in which electrons are removed from a transition metal atom to form an ion? Give an example from Group 5B$\left(5\right)$. Name two types of measurements used to study electron configurations of ions.

Short answer

The two types of measurements used to study electron configuration:

1. Orbital diagrams
2. Spdf notation.

Step-by-step solution

Define General rule

A generic rule for drawing Lewis Structures and describing chemical bonding.

For general rule concerning

a) Transition elements' characteristics, like those of other elements, are highly influenced by the electron configuration of their ions and atoms. The electron configuration of transition elements is usually represented in the following way: ${\mathrm{ns}}^2\left(\mathrm{n}-1\right){\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{x}}$, where the values of $\mathrm{n}$go from $4$to $7$and the values of $x$go from $1$to $10$.

Transition metal ions arise when electrons from the sublevel are removed rather than electrons from the sublevel. Vanadium,

For example, has the following electron configuration: $\left[\mathrm{Ar}\right]{4\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{d}}^{10}$, so the configuration $\mathrm{V}\left(2^{+}\right)$of ion would be only $3{\mathrm{d}}^3$.

b) Measurement of ionisation energy and study of magnetic characteristics.