Question

Give the name and formula for the acid derived from each of the following anions

1. perchlorate
2. ${\mathbf{NO}}_{\mathbf{3}}^{\mathbf{-}}$
3. bromite
4. ${\mathbf{F}}^{\mathbf{-}}$

Short answer

1. The acid derivative of perchlorate is ${\mathbf{HClO}}_{\mathbf{4}}$
2. The acid derivative of ${\mathbf{NO}}_{\mathbf{3}}^{\mathbf{-}}$is${\mathbf{HNO}}_{\mathbf{3}}$
3. The acid derivative of bromite is ${\mathbf{HBrO}}_{\mathbf{2}}$
4. The acid derivative of ${\mathbf{F}}^{\mathbf{-}}$ is$\mathbf{HF}$

Step-by-step solution

Acid derivatives

Acids are compounds with donates protons (H⁺ ions) and bases are the substances which accept protons.

So to find the acid derivative of the base we have to add H⁺ ions to the base corresponding to their negative charge.

Explanation

1. Perchlorate has a formula ${\mathbf{ClO}}_{\mathbf{4}}^{\mathbf{-}}$It has a charge of -1 so add oneH⁺ to remove the charge. The acid derivative of hydrogen sulfate is ${\mathbf{HClO}}_{\mathbf{4}}$
2. ${\mathbf{NO}}_{\mathbf{3}}^{\mathbf{-}}$has a charge of -1 so it also needs one hydrogen to balance the charge. Acid derivative of ${\mathbf{NO}}_{\mathbf{3}}^{\mathbf{-}}$is${\mathbf{HNO}}_{\mathbf{3}}$
3. The formula of bromite ${\mathbf{BrO}}_{\mathbf{2}}^{\mathbf{-}}$ has a charge of -1 so again the addition of one hydrogen will give its acid derivative. The acid derivative of bromite is${\mathbf{HBrO}}_{\mathbf{2}}$
4. ${\mathbf{F}}^{\mathbf{-}}$has a charge of -1 so add 1 hydrogen to remove the charge. Acid derivative of ${\mathbf{F}}^{\mathbf{-}}$ is$\mathbf{HF}$