Chapter 2: Q. 2.1 P (page 81)
What is the key difference between an element and a compound?
An element is made up of the same type of atoms while a compound is formed by combining different elements in a fixed ratio.
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Fill in the blanks:
(a) The symbol and atomic number of the heaviest alkaline earthmetal are ________ and ________.
(b) The symbol and atomic number of the lightest metalloidin Group 4A(14)are ________ and ________.
(c) Group 1B(11) consists of the coinage metals.The symbol and atomic mass of the coinage metal whose atoms have the fewest electrons are________ and ________.
(d) The symbol and atomic mass of the halogen in Period 4 are ________ and ________.
Which of Dalton’s postulates about atoms are inconsistent with later observations? Do these inconsistencies mean that Dayton was wrong? Is Dalton’s model still useful? Explain.
The elements inGroupsandare all quite reactive. What is the major difference between them?
State the mass law(s) demonstrated by the following experimental results, and explain your reasoning:
Experiment 1: A student heats 1.00 g of a blue compound and obtains 0.64 g of a white compound and 0.36 g of a colourless gas.
Experiment 2: A second student heats 3.25 g of the same blue compound and obtains 2.08 g of a white compound and 1.17 g of a colourless gas.
Describe the essential features of a scientific model.
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