Chapter 16: Q16.7 P (page 728)
Define reaction rate, assuming constant temperature and a closed reaction vessel, why does the rate change with time?
The answer is,
Reaction rate is the rate or speed with which the reaction of substance in a closed taking place at a constant temperature.
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Ina kinetics experiment, a chemist places crystals of iodine in a closed reaction vessel, introduces a given quantity of hydrogen gas, and obtains data to calculate the rate of hydrogen iodide formation. In a second experiment, she uses the same amounts of iodine and hydrogen, but first warms the flask to 130 degrees Celsius, a temperature above the sublimation point of iodine. In which of these experiments does the reaction proceed at a higher rate? Explain.
Question:Many drugs decompose in blood by a first-order process.
(a) Two tablets of aspirin supply 0.60 g of the active compound. After 30 min, this compound reaches a maximum concentration of 2 mg/100 mL of blood. If the half-life for its breakdown is 90 min, what is its concentration (in mg/100 mL) 2.5 h after it reaches its maximum concentration?
(b) For the decomposition of an antibiotic in a person with a normal temperature ; for a person with a fever at , . If the person with the fever must take another pill when of the first pill has decomposed, how many hours should she wait to take a second pill? A third pill? (Assume the pill is effective immediately.)
(c) Calculate Ea for decomposition of the antibiotic in part (b).
a) For a reaction with a given Ea, how does an increase in T affect the rate?
(b) For a reaction at a given T, how does a decrease in Ea affect the rate?
The molecular scenes below represent the first-order reaction as cyclopropane (red) is converted to propene (green):
Determine (a) the half-life and (b) the first-order rate constant.
Carbon disulfide, a poisonous, flammable liquid, is an excellent solvent for phosphorus, sulfur, and some other nonmetals. A kinetic study of its gaseous decomposition reveals these data:
Experiment | Initial mol/L | Initial rate ( ) |
1 | 0.100 | |
2 | 0.080 | 2.2 |
3 | 0.055 | 1.5 |
4 | 0.044 | 1.2 |
(a) Write the rate law for the decomposition of .
(b) Calculate the average value of the rate constant
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