Chapter 16: Q16.18 P (page 729)
Reaction rate is expressed in terms of changes in the concentration of reactants and products. Write a balanced equation for
Short Answer
The balanced equation is as follows:
Chapter 16: Q16.18 P (page 729)
Reaction rate is expressed in terms of changes in the concentration of reactants and products. Write a balanced equation for
The balanced equation is as follows:
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Get started for freeQuestion:Many drugs decompose in blood by a first-order process.
(a) Two tablets of aspirin supply 0.60 g of the active compound. After 30 min, this compound reaches a maximum concentration of 2 mg/100 mL of blood. If the half-life for its breakdown is 90 min, what is its concentration (in mg/100 mL) 2.5 h after it reaches its maximum concentration?
(b) For the decomposition of an antibiotic in a person with a normal temperature ; for a person with a fever at , . If the person with the fever must take another pill when of the first pill has decomposed, how many hours should she wait to take a second pill? A third pill? (Assume the pill is effective immediately.)
(c) Calculate Ea for decomposition of the antibiotic in part (b).
Although the depletion of stratospheric ozone threatens life on Earth today, its accumulation was one of the crucial processes that allowed life to develop in prehistoric times:
(a) Express the reaction rate in terms and
(b) At a given instant, the reaction rate in terms of is 2.17105 mol/L s. What is it in terms of?
Consider the following organic reaction, in which one halogen replaces another in an alkyl halide:
In acetone, this particular reaction goes to completion because KI is soluble in acetone but KBr is not. In the mechanism, I approach the carbon opposite to the Br (see Figure 16.19, with
instead of OH- ). After Br- has been replaced by and precipitates as KBr, other I ions react with the ethyl iodide by the same mechanism.
(a) If we designate the carbon bonded to the halogen as C-1, what are the shapes around C-1 and the hybridization of C-1 in ethyl iodide?
(b) In the transition state, one of the two lobes of the unhybridized 2p orbital of C-1 overlaps a p orbital of I, while the other lobe overlaps a p orbital of Br. What are the shape around C-1 and the hybridization of C-1 in the transition state?
(c) The deuterated reactant, (where D is deuterium, 2 H), has two optical isomers because C-1 is chiral. If the reaction is run with one of the isomers, the ethyl iodide is not optically active. Explain
For the decomposition of gaseous dinitrogen pentaoxide, , the rate constant is at . The initial concentration of is 1.58 mol/L.
(a) What is after 5.00 min?
(b) What fraction of the has decomposed after 5.00 min?
Chlorine is commonly used to disinfect drinking water, and the inactivation of pathogens by chlorine follows first-order kinetics. The following data show E. coli inactivation:
Contact time (min) | Percent (%) inactivation |
0.00 | 0.0 |
0.50 | 68.3 |
1.00 | 90.0 |
1.50 | 96.8 |
2.00 | 99.0 |
2.50 | 99.7 |
3.00 | 99.9 |
(a) Determine the first-order inactivation constant, k. [Hint: % inactivation
(b) How much contact time is required for 95% inactivation?
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