Problem 1
How does ozone differ from oxygen in its chemical formula? In its properties?
Problem 3
The text states that the odor of ozone can be detected in concentrations as low as \(10 \mathrm{ppb}\). Would you be able to smell ozone in either of these air samples? a. \(0.118 \mathrm{ppm}\) of ozone, a concentration reached in an urban area b. \(25 \mathrm{ppm}\) of ozone, a concentration measured in the stratosphere
Problem 5
It has been suggested that the term ozone screen would be a better descriptor than ozone layer to describe ozone in the stratosphere. What are the advantages and disadvantages to each term?
Problem 6
Assume there are \(2 \times 10^{20} \mathrm{CO}\) molecules per cubic meter in a sample of tropospheric air. Furthermore, assume there are \(1 \times 10^{19} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) molecules per cubic meter at the point of maximum concentration of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. a. Which cubic meter of air contains the larger number of molecules? b. What is the ratio of \(\mathrm{CO}\) to \(\mathrm{O}_{3}\) molecules in a cubic meter?
Problem 7
a. What is a Dobson unit? b. Does a reading of 320 DU or 275 DU indicate more total column ozone overhead?
Problem 8
Using the periodic table as a guide, specify the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of each of these elements. a. oxygen (O) b. nitrogen \((\mathrm{N})\) c. magnesium (Mg) d. sulfur (S)
Problem 10
Give the name and symbol for the element with this number of protons. a. 2 b. 19 c. 29
Problem 11
Give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these neutral atoms. a. oxygen-18 \(\left({ }_{8}^{18} \mathrm{O}\right)\) b. sulfur- \(35\left({ }_{16}^{35} \mathrm{~S}\right)\) c. uranium-238 \(\left({ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U}\right)\) d. bromine \(-82\left({ }_{35}^{82} \mathrm{Br}\right)\) e. neon-19 \(\left({ }_{10}^{19} \mathrm{Ne}\right)\) f. radium \(-226\left({ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra}\right)\)
Problem 12
Give the symbol showing the atomic number and the mass number for the isotope that has: a. 9 protons and 10 neutrons (used in nuclear medicine). b. 26 protons and 30 neutrons (the most stable isotope of this element). c. 86 protons and 136 neutrons (the radioactive gas found in some homes).
Problem 13
Draw the Lewis structure for each of these atoms. a. calcium b. nitrogen c. chlorine d. helium
