Question

Write the balanced molecular and net ionic equations for each of the following neutralization reactions: (a) Aqueous acetic acid is neutralized by aqueous potassium hydroxide. (b) Solid chromium(III) hydroxide reacts with nitric acid. (c) Aqueous hypochlorous acid and aqueous calcium hydroxide react.

Short answer

Reaction (a) - Molecular: \( HC2H3O2(aq) + KOH(aq) \rightarrow H2O(l) + KC2H3O2(aq) \); Net Ionic: \( H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) \rightarrow H2O(l) \) Reaction (b) - Molecular: \( Cr(OH)3(s) + 3HNO3(aq) \rightarrow 3H2O(l) + Cr(NO3)3(aq) \); Net Ionic: \( Cr(OH)3(s) + 3H^+(aq) \rightarrow 3H2O(l) + Cr^{3+}(aq) \) Reaction (c) - Molecular: \( 2HClO(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) \rightarrow 2H2O(l) + Ca(ClO)2(aq) \); Net Ionic: \( 2H^+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) \rightarrow 2H2O(l) \)

Step-by-step solution

Write the balanced molecular equation

Identify the reactants and products: acetic acid (HC2H3O2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are the reactants; water (H2O) and potassium acetate (KC2H3O2) are the products. The balanced molecular equation is: \( HC2H3O2(aq) + KOH(aq) \rightarrow H2O(l) + KC2H3O2(aq) \)

Write the total ionic equation

Break the reactants and products into their respective ions: \( H^+(aq) + C2H3O2^-(aq) + K^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) \rightarrow H2O(l) + K^+(aq) + C2H3O2^-(aq) \)

Write the net ionic equation

Eliminate the spectator ions (K^+ and C2H3O2^-) to obtain the net ionic equation: \( H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) \rightarrow H2O(l) \) ##Reaction (b): Solid chromium(III) hydroxide and nitric acid##

Write the balanced molecular equation

Identify the reactants and products: chromium(III) hydroxide (Cr(OH)3) and nitric acid (HNO3) are the reactants; water (H2O) and chromium(III) nitrate, Cr(NO3)3, are the products. The balanced molecular equation is: \( Cr(OH)3(s) + 3HNO3(aq) \rightarrow 3H2O(l) + Cr(NO3)3(aq) \)

Write the total ionic equation

Break the reactants and products into their respective ions: \( Cr(OH)3(s) + 3H^+(aq) + 3NO3^-(aq) \rightarrow 3H2O(l) + Cr^{3+}(aq) + 3NO3^-(aq) \)

Write the net ionic equation

Eliminate the spectator ions (NO3^-) to obtain the net ionic equation: \( Cr(OH)3(s) + 3H^+(aq) \rightarrow 3H2O(l) + Cr^{3+}(aq) \) ##Reaction (c): Aqueous hypochlorous acid and aqueous calcium hydroxide##

Write the balanced molecular equation

Identify the reactants and products: hypochlorous acid (HClO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are the reactants; water (H2O) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) are the products. The balanced molecular equation is: \( 2HClO(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) \rightarrow 2H2O(l) + Ca(ClO)2(aq) \)

Write the total ionic equation

Break the reactants and products into their respective ions: \( 2H^+(aq) + 2ClO^-(aq) + Ca^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) \rightarrow 2H2O(l) + Ca^{2+}(aq) + 2ClO^-(aq) \)

Write the net ionic equation

Eliminate the spectator ions (Ca^2+ and ClO^-) to obtain the net ionic equation: \( 2H^+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) \rightarrow 2H2O(l) \)