Question

Draw the condensed structure of the compounds formed by condensation reactions between (a) benzoic acid and ethanol, (b) ethanoic acid and methylamine, (c) acetic acid and phenol. Name the compound in each case.

Short answer

The condensed structures of the compounds formed by condensation reactions between the given reactants are as follows: a) Benzoic acid and ethanol form benzyl ethanoate (ester) through a condensation reaction. b) Ethanoic acid and methylamine form N-methylethanamide (amide) in a condensation reaction. c) Acetic acid and phenol react in a condensation reaction to form phenyl ethanoate (ester).

Step-by-step solution

Reaction between benzoic acid and ethanol

Benzoic acid and ethanol react in a condensation reaction to form an ester. 1. Identify the functional groups: Benzoic acid is a carboxylic acid and ethanol is an alcohol. 2. Carboxylic acids and alcohols react in a condensation reaction to form an ester and water. 3. Benzoic acid gives the carboxyl group (-COOH) and ethanol gives the hydroxyl group (-OH). Thus, -OH from the ethanol and -H from the carboxylic acid groups are eliminated, releasing a water molecule. 4. The remaining parts of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol combine to form an ester. $$\text{{benzoic acid + ethanol}}\to \text{{benzyl ethanoate + H2O}}$$ 5. The compound formed is benzyl ethanoate.

Reaction between ethanoic acid and methylamine

Ethanoic acid and methylamine react in a condensation reaction to give an amide. 1. Ethanoic acid is a carboxylic acid and methylamine is an amine. 2. Carboxylic acids and amines react in a condensation reaction to form an amide and water. 3. The -OH from the carboxylic acid and the -H from the amine are eliminated, releasing a water molecule. 4. The rest of the molecules combine to form an amide. $$\text{{ethanoic acid + methylamine}}\to \text{{N-methylethanamide + H2O}}$$ 5. The compound formed is N-methylethanamide.

Reaction between acetic acid and phenol

Acetic acid and phenol react in a condensation reaction to form an ester. 1. Acetic acid is a carboxylic acid and phenol is an alcohol. 2. Just like in step 1, the -OH from the phenol and -H from the carboxylic acid groups are eliminated, giving a water molecule. 3. The remaining parts of the molecules combine to form an ester. $$\text{{acetic acid + phenol}}\to \text{{phenyl ethanoate + H2O}}$$ 4. The compound formed is phenyl ethanoate.