Chapter 23: Problem 41
Write the formula for the fluoride corresponding to the highest expected oxidation state for (a) Sc, (b) Co, (c) \(\mathrm{Zn}\), (d) Mo.
Short Answer
Expert verified
The fluoride formulas corresponding to the highest expected oxidation states are: (a) ScF3, (b) CoF3, (c) ZnF2, and (d) MoF6.
Step by step solution
01
Knowing the oxidation states
The highest expected oxidation states for the elements Sc, Co, Zn, and Mo can be determined from the periodic table. You need to find these elements in the periodic table and look for the highest oxidation state. We will analyze the general information for these elements:
(a) Sc - Scandium (Atomic number: 21, Group: 3)
(b) Co - Cobalt (Atomic number: 27, Group: 9)
(c) Zn - Zinc (Atomic number: 30, Group: 12)
(d) Mo - Molybdenum (Atomic number: 42, Group: 6)
02
Identifying the highest oxidation states
Now, we can determine the highest oxidation states for each of the given elements:
(a) Scandium (Sc) - Sc has a highest oxidation state of +3.
(b) Cobalt (Co) - Co has a highest oxidation state of +3.
(c) Zinc (Zn) - Zn has a highest oxidation state of +2.
(d) Molybdenum (Mo) - Mo has a highest oxidation state of +6.
03
Writing the formula for the fluoride corresponding to the highest oxidation state
To find the formula of fluoride corresponding to the highest oxidation state, we need to combine the given element with fluorine while maintaining charge neutrality. Since fluorine has a charge of -1, the number of fluorine atoms in the formula will match the positive charge of the given element in its highest oxidation state.
(a) Scandium (Sc) - Sc has a highest oxidation state of +3. Therefore, its fluoride formula will be ScF3.
(b) Cobalt (Co) - Co has a highest oxidation state of +3. Therefore, its fluoride formula will be CoF3.
(c) Zinc (Zn) - Zn has a highest oxidation state of +2. Therefore, its fluoride formula will be ZnF2.
(d) Molybdenum (Mo) - Mo has a highest oxidation state of +6. Therefore, its fluoride formula will be MoF6.
So, the formulas for the fluoride corresponding to the highest expected oxidation states are ScF3, CoF3, ZnF2, and MoF6.
Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!
-
Full Textbook Solutions
Get detailed explanations and key concepts
-
Unlimited Al creation
Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...
-
Ads-free access
To over 500 millions flashcards
-
Money-back guarantee
We refund you if you fail your exam.
Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!
Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is like a map for chemists. It displays all the chemical elements organized based on their atomic numbers, which is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. This organization helps us predict how each element will act in chemical reactions. Elements are grouped into columns called "groups" and rows called "periods."
Knowing an element's group can give insights into its properties, such as its tendency to gain or lose electrons. Scandium (Sc), for example, is in group 3, while Molybdenum (Mo) is in group 6. This positioning tells us these elements have differing properties and react differently in chemical processes.
The table also shows oxidation states, which indicate how many electrons an element can gain or lose when forming a compound. By referring to the Periodic Table, we determined the maximum oxidation states for Sc, Co, Zn, and Mo, vital for writing correct chemical formulas.
Knowing an element's group can give insights into its properties, such as its tendency to gain or lose electrons. Scandium (Sc), for example, is in group 3, while Molybdenum (Mo) is in group 6. This positioning tells us these elements have differing properties and react differently in chemical processes.
The table also shows oxidation states, which indicate how many electrons an element can gain or lose when forming a compound. By referring to the Periodic Table, we determined the maximum oxidation states for Sc, Co, Zn, and Mo, vital for writing correct chemical formulas.
Chemical Formula Writing
Chemical formula writing is the process of creating a symbolic representation of a compound. This formula tells us the elements involved and their ratios. When writing a chemical formula, it is crucial to ensure the compound is electrically neutral.
To achieve neutrality, the total positive charge from the metal must balance with the total negative charge from the nonmetal in the chemical formula. For instance, fluorine (F) typically carries a -1 charge. Hence, when combining with metals like Scandium or Molybdenum, which have positive charges due to missing electrons, it's important to match these charges accurately in formulas.
Here's what you do:
To achieve neutrality, the total positive charge from the metal must balance with the total negative charge from the nonmetal in the chemical formula. For instance, fluorine (F) typically carries a -1 charge. Hence, when combining with metals like Scandium or Molybdenum, which have positive charges due to missing electrons, it's important to match these charges accurately in formulas.
Here's what you do:
- Identify the charges: For example, Scandium has a charge of +3, so to balance with Fluoride, which has a -1 charge each, we use 3 fluoride atoms, making ScF₃ the formula.
- Repeat for other metals: Cobalt forms CoF₃, Zinc forms ZnF₂, and Molybdenum forms MoF₆.
Transition Metals
Transition metals are a group of elements found in the center of the Periodic Table. They are known for having variable oxidation states, meaning they can form compounds in different ways by losing various numbers of electrons.
This flexibility is due to their electron configuration, which allows them to participate in a wide range of chemical reactions. For example, Cobalt (Co) can have oxidation states like +2 or +3, as seen in our examples.
Characteristics of transition metals include:
This flexibility is due to their electron configuration, which allows them to participate in a wide range of chemical reactions. For example, Cobalt (Co) can have oxidation states like +2 or +3, as seen in our examples.
Characteristics of transition metals include:
- High melting and boiling points, making them very stable in many environments.
- Ability to form colored compounds, which are often used in dyes and pigments.
- Good conductors of electricity and heat, adding to their industrial application.
Fluoride Compounds
Fluoride compounds are formed when fluorine, a highly reactive nonmetal, bonds with other elements. Due to fluorine's electronegativity and drive to gain electrons, it forms strong bonds, usually resulting in ionic compounds.
When combined with metals, fluorine forms fluoride compounds like ScF₃, ZnF₂, and MoF₆.
Key points about fluoride compounds:
When combined with metals, fluorine forms fluoride compounds like ScF₃, ZnF₂, and MoF₆.
Key points about fluoride compounds:
- They are typically very stable due to the strong bond between fluorine and metals.
- Fluoride compounds often have high melting and boiling points.
- They can have various applications, from dental care to industrial uses, because of their stability and reactivity properties.