Question

Complete and balance the following equations: (a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow\) (b) \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow\) (c) \(\mathrm{CaO}(s)+\mathrm{C}(s) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \stackrel{\Delta}{\longrightarrow}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CuO}(s)+\mathrm{CO}(g) \longrightarrow\)

Short answer

(a) CO₂(g) + OH⁻(aq) → HCO₃⁻(aq) (b) NaHCO₃(s) + H⁺(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + H₂CO₃(aq) (c) CaO(s) + C(s) → CaC₂(s) (d) C(s) + H₂O(g) → CO(g) + H₂(g) (e) CuO(s) + CO(g) → Cu(s) + CO₂(g)

Step-by-step solution

(a) Completing the equation

For the first equation, we need to figure out the product when CO₂(g) reacts with OH⁻(aq). The product of this reaction should be a combination of the elements involved - carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The likely product would be HCO₃⁻(aq), which is a known compound and forms from these reactants. Now let's balance the equation.

(a) Balancing the equation

The unbalanced equation looks like this: CO₂(g) + OH⁻(aq) → HCO₃⁻(aq) As we can see, each atom is already balanced on both sides of the equation. Therefore, the balanced equation is: CO₂(g) + OH⁻(aq) → HCO₃⁻(aq)

(b) Completing the equation

For the second equation, the reactants are NaHCO₃(s) and H⁺(aq). The likely product of this reaction is a combination of the elements involved, leading to the formation of sodium ions and carbonic acid: NaHCO₃(s) + H⁺(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + H₂CO₃(aq)

(b) Balancing the equation

The given equation is already balanced, so the final balanced equation is: NaHCO₃(s) + H⁺(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + H₂CO₃(aq)

(c) Completing the equation

In the third equation, CaO(s) and C(s) react in the presence of heat (Δ). The product of this reaction should be calcium carbide (CaC₂), which is formed by reacting calcium oxide with carbon at high temperatures: CaO(s) + C(s) → CaC₂(s)

(c) Balancing the equation

The equation is already balanced, so the final balanced equation is: CaO(s) + C(s) → CaC₂(s)

(d) Completing the equation

In the fourth equation, carbon (C) reacts with water (H₂O) in the presence of heat (Δ). The products of this reaction are carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H₂): C(s) + H₂O(g) → CO(g) + H₂(g)

(d) Balancing the equation

Balancing the equation gives: C(s) + H₂O(g) → CO(g) + H₂(g) This equation is already balanced.

(e) Completing the equation

In the last equation, copper oxide (CuO) reacts with carbon monoxide (CO). The products of this reaction are copper (Cu) and carbon dioxide (CO₂): CuO(s) + CO(g) → Cu(s) + CO₂(g)

(e) Balancing the equation

The given equation is already balanced, so the final balanced equation is: CuO(s) + CO(g) → Cu(s) + CO₂(g)