Problem 73
Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions: (a) Hydrogen cyanide is formed commercially by passing a mixture of methane, ammonia, and air over a catalyst at \(800^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Water is a by-product of the reaction. (b) Baking soda reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide gas. (c) When barium carbonate reacts in air with sulfur dioxide, barium sulfate and carbon dioxide form.
Problem 74
Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions: (a) Burning magnesium metal in a carbon dioxide atmosphere reduces the \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) to carbon. (b) In photosynthesis, solar energy is used to produce glucose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right)\) and \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) out of carbon dioxide and water. (c) When carbonate salts dissolve in water, they produce basic solutions.
Problem 75
Write the formulas for the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of the group 4 A element or of boron in each: (a) boric acid, (b) silicon tetrabromide, (c) lead(II) chloride, (d) sodium tetraborate decahydrate \((\) borax \(),(e)\) boric oxide.
Problem 76
Write the formulas for the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of the group \(4 \hat{A}\) element or of boron in each: (a) silicon dioxide, (b) germanium tetrachloride, (c) sodium borohydride, (d) stannous chloride, (e) diborane.
Problem 81
(a) How does the structure of diborane \(\left(\mathrm{B}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)\) differ from that of ethane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right) ?\) (b) By using concepts discussed in Chapter 8 , explain why diborane adopts the geometry that it does. (c) What is the significance of the statement that the hydrogen atoms in diborane are described as hydridic?
Problem 82
Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions: (a) Diborane reacts with water to form boric acid and molecular hydrogen. (b) Upon heating, boric acid undergoes a condensation reaction to form tetraboric acid. (c) Boron oxide dissolves in water to give a solution of boric acid.
Problem 83
In your own words, define the following terms: (a) allotrope, (b) disproportionation, (c) interhalogen, (d) acidic anhydride, (e) condensation reaction.
Problem 84
Starting with \(\mathrm{D}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), suggest preparations of (a) \(\mathrm{ND}_{3}\), (b) \(\mathrm{D}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{NaOD}\), (d) \(\mathrm{DNO}_{3}\), (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{D}_{2}\), (f) DCN.
Problem 85
Although the \(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^{-}\) and \(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\) ions have been known for a long time, \(\mathrm{BrO}_{4}^{-}\) was not synthesized until \(1965 .\) The ion was synthesized by oxidizing the bromate ion with xenon difluoride, producing xenon, hydrofluoric acid, and the perbromate ion. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
Problem 86
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of each of the following compounds with water: (a) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)\), (b) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}(g)\), (c) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(s)\) (d) \(\mathrm{BaC}_{2}(\mathrm{~s})\), (e) \(\mathrm{RbO}_{2}(\mathrm{~s})\), (f) \(\mathrm{Mg}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{2}(s)\) (g) \(\mathrm{NaH}(s)\).
