Question

Here are symbols for five of the seven elements whose names begin with the letter \(\mathrm{B}: \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{Ba}, \mathrm{Bk}, \mathrm{Bi}\) and Br. Match each symbol with one of the descriptions below. (a) a radioactive element (b) a liquid at room temperature (c) a metalloid (d) an alkaline earth element (e) a group 5 A element

Short answer

\( \mathrm{Bk} \) is (a), \( \mathrm{Br} \) is (b), \( \mathrm{B} \) is (c), \( \mathrm{Ba} \) is (d), \( \mathrm{Bi} \) is (e).

Step-by-step solution

Match description (a)

Let's find which element is known to be radioactive. Among the given symbols, the element with symbol \( \mathrm{Bk} \) stands for Berkelium. Berkelium is a radioactive element. So, \( \mathrm{Bk} \) matches description (a).

Match description (b)

Next, we need the element that is a liquid at room temperature. Of the elements listed, Bromine (\( \mathrm{Br} \)) is known to be a liquid at room temperature. Hence, \( \mathrm{Br} \) matches description (b).

Match description (c)

Now, identify the metalloid. Boron (\( \mathrm{B} \)) is classified as a metalloid. Thus, \( \mathrm{B} \) matches description (c).

Match description (d)

For this, we need an alkaline earth element. Barium (\( \mathrm{Ba} \)) is an alkaline earth metal. Therefore, \( \mathrm{Ba} \) fits description (d).

Match description (e)

Finally, we require a group 5 A element. Bismuth (\( \mathrm{Bi} \)) is part of group 5 A on the periodic table. So, \( \mathrm{Bi} \) matches description (e).

Key concepts

Radioactive Elements

Radioactive elements are intriguing components of the periodic table. They release energy in the form of radiation due to the instability of their atomic nucleus. This emission occurs through processes known as nuclear decay. Elements like Berkelium (Bk), Plutonium, and Uranium are classic examples of radioactive substances.
As these elements undergo decay, they transform into other elements. This is a key process used in nuclear reactors and medical applications. For instance, radioactive isotopes are used in cancer treatment and diagnostic imaging.

• Unstable nucleus causes radiation emission
• Includes elements like Berkelium and Uranium
• Used in medical and energy applications

Always handle radioactive elements with care due to their potent radiation, which can be harmful to living organisms over prolonged exposure.

Metalloids

Metalloids hold a unique position on the periodic table with both metallic and non-metallic properties. Boron (B) is a well-known metalloid, and it exemplifies this mixed behavior.
They are semiconductors, which makes them incredibly useful in electronics, such as computer chips and solar cells.
Metalloids can sometimes be mistaken for either metals or non-metals, depending on the environment in which they are found.

• Exhibit metallic and non-metallic characteristics
• Include elements like Boron and Silicon
• Key role in electronic devices

This unique property allows them to be used extensively where precise control over electrical conductivity is required.

Alkaline Earth Metals

The alkaline earth metals represent Group 2 of the periodic table and include elements like Magnesium, Calcium, and Barium (Ba). These elements are known for their shiny appearance and are typically reactive, though not as much as alkali metals.
They do not occur freely in nature and are generally found in compound forms such as rock minerals.

• Comprise shiny and reactive elements
• Includes Magnesium, Calcium, and Barium
• Found in compound forms in nature

Because of their reactivity, they play a critical role in biological functions and industrial applications, such as construction materials in the form of lime and cement.

Group Elements

Group elements on the periodic table provide insight into the properties shared by elements within the same vertical column. For example, Group 5A elements, such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Bismuth (Bi), exhibit similar bonding behaviors and chemical properties.
These elements are often used for a variety of processes that take advantage of their shared traits.
Understanding the properties of group elements allow scientists to predict behaviors of unknown substances, facilitating new discoveries in chemistry.

• Share similar chemical properties within the same group
• Examples include Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Bismuth
• Assist in predicting chemical behaviors

Group elements are essential for organizing the periodic table in a way that is meaningful and useful for predicting chemical reactions.