Chapter 8: Problem 42
Write a balanced equation for the neutralization of each of the following:
a.
Short Answer
Expert verified
a. H₃PO₄(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) → 3 H₂O(l) + Na₃PO₄(aq)b. HI(aq) + LiOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + LiI(aq)c. 2 HNO₃(aq) + Ca(OH)₂(s) → 2 H₂O(l) + Ca(NO₃)₂(aq).
Step by step solution
01
- Write the Reactants
Identify the reactants for each neutralization reaction.For part a: H₃PO₄(aq) and NaOH(aq).For part b: HI(aq) and LiOH(aq).For part c: HNO₃(aq) and Ca(OH)₂(s).
02
- Write the Products
Identify the products of each neutralization reaction, which are typically water (H₂O) and a salt.For part a: The products are H₂O and Na₃PO₄.For part b: The products are H₂O and LiI.For part c: The products are H₂O and Ca(NO₃)₂.
03
- Balance the Equations
Ensure that the number of atoms for each element is balanced on both sides of the equation.Part a (H₃PO₄ and NaOH): H₃PO₄(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) → 3 H₂O(l) + Na₃PO₄(aq).Part b (HI and LiOH): HI(aq) + LiOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + LiI(aq).Part c (HNO₃ and Ca(OH)₂): 2 HNO₃(aq) + Ca(OH)₂(s) → 2 H₂O(l) + Ca(NO₃)₂(aq).
04
- Verify the Reactions
Check that the equations are properly balanced by counting the atoms for each element on both reactant and product sides.For part a: Reactants: 3 H, 1 P, 4 O + 3 Na, 3 O, 3 H. Products: 3 H₂O (3 H₂, 3 O) + Na₃PO₄ (3 Na, 1 P, 4 O).For part b: Reactants: 1 H, 1 I + 1 Li, 1 O, 1 H. Products: H₂O (2 H, 1 O) + LiI (1 Li, 1 I).For part c: Reactants: 2 H, 2 N, 6 O + 1 Ca, 2 O, 2 H. Products: 2 H₂O (2 O, 2 H) + Ca(NO₃)₂ (1 Ca, 2 N, 6 O).
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
balancing equations
Balancing equations is a crucial step in all chemical reactions. To balance an equation, ensure that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both the reactant and product sides. For example, in the neutralization of and , begin by writing the unbalanced equation: . Here, you can see how the sodium and water molecules need to be matched.
Balance the hydrogen, oxygen, and sodium, resulting in: .
Remember these tips:
Balance the hydrogen, oxygen, and sodium, resulting in:
Remember these tips:
- Focus on one element at a time.
- Use coefficients to balance the atoms.
- Double-check your count at the end.
acid-base reactions
Acid-base reactions are a common type of chemical reaction where an acid reacts with a base. These reactions typically produce water and a salt. The acid donates protons , while the base provides hydroxide ions . For example, in the reaction between and , is the acid (donates ions) and is the base (provides ions). They combine to form calcium nitrate and water:
.
This reaction is essential for understanding how acids and bases neutralize each other.
This reaction is essential for understanding how acids and bases neutralize each other.
producing salts
In acid-base reactions, producing salts is a common outcome. When an acid reacts with a base, they form a salt and water. The salt consists of the cation from the base and the anion from the acid. For instance, in the reaction between hydroiodic acid (HI) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH):
The acid provides the iodide ion (I\textsuperscript{-}), and the base provides the lithium ion (Li\textsuperscript{+}).
These combine to form the salt lithium iodide (LiI).
The acid
These combine to form the salt lithium iodide (LiI).
- Salts are ionic compounds.
- Names of salts typically end in '-ide,' '-ate,' or '-ite.'
- The formation of salts is a key indicator of a neutralization reaction.
chemical equation
A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas. It shows the reactants and products involved in the reaction. For a neutralization reaction, the equation includes an acid and a base as reactants, and water and a salt as products. For example, consider the neutralization of and :
.
Key components in a chemical equation:
Key components in a chemical equation:
- Reactants: Substances that start the reaction.
- Products: Substances formed by the reaction.
- Arrows (→) separate reactants from products.
- Coefficients indicate the number of molecules.