Question

Write the names and symbols of the elements with the following atomic numbers: a. 28 b. 56 c. 88 d. 33 e. 50 f. 55 g. 79 \(\mathrm{h} .80\)

Short answer

Ni, Ba, Ra, As, Sn, Cs, Au, Hg

Step-by-step solution

Identify the element with atomic number 28

The element with atomic number 28 is Nickel. Its symbol is Ni.

Identify the element with atomic number 56

The element with atomic number 56 is Barium. Its symbol is Ba.

Identify the element with atomic number 88

The element with atomic number 88 is Radium. Its symbol is Ra.

Identify the element with atomic number 33

The element with atomic number 33 is Arsenic. Its symbol is As.

Identify the element with atomic number 50

The element with atomic number 50 is Tin. Its symbol is Sn.

Identify the element with atomic number 55

The element with atomic number 55 is Cesium. Its symbol is Cs.

Identify the element with atomic number 79

The element with atomic number 79 is Gold. Its symbol is Au.

Identify the element with atomic number 80

The element with atomic number 80 is Mercury. Its symbol is Hg.

Key concepts

Chemical Elements

Chemical elements are the basic building blocks of all matter. Each element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.
Elements are distinguished based on the number of protons present in their atomic nuclei. This number is unique for each element.
For instance, Hydrogen has one proton, Helium has two, and so forth. Elements are basic and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Elements play essential roles in various industries and natural processes. They are found in different states—solid, liquid, or gas—under standard conditions.
Additionally, elements combine to form compounds, which are the substances most commonly encountered in daily life.

Periodic Table

The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of chemical elements according to their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. Each element is placed in a specific location due to its atomic structure.
Rows in the periodic table are called periods, and columns are called groups. Elements in the same group often exhibit similar properties.

For example, elements in Group 1 are known as alkali metals and include elements like Lithium (Li) and Sodium (Na).
The periodic table is more than just a chart; it is a powerful tool that helps chemists and scientists understand element properties, predict chemical reactions, and gain insights into electronic structures.

Element Symbols

Each chemical element is represented by a unique one- or two-letter symbol. These symbols are often derived from the element's name in English or Latin.
For instance, Gold is represented by the symbol 'Au' from its Latin name 'Aurum,' while Sodium is represented by 'Na' from 'Natrium.'

Using symbols makes it easier to write chemical equations and describe reactions without confusion.

• Nickel - Ni
• Barium - Ba
• Radium - Ra
• Arsenic - As
• Tin - Sn
• Cesium - Cs
• Gold - Au
• Mercury - Hg

Understanding these symbols is crucial for students as they progress with their studies in chemistry.

Atomic Number Identification

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom of that element. This number defines the element and its position in the periodic table.
For example, Nickel has an atomic number of 28, meaning every atom of Nickel has 28 protons.

Knowing the atomic number allows one to identify the element and predict its chemical behavior.
Here are the elements from the exercise along with their atomic numbers:

• Nickel (Ni) - 28
• Barium (Ba) - 56
• Radium (Ra) - 88
• Arsenic (As) - 33
• Tin (Sn) - 50
• Cesium (Cs) - 55
• Gold (Au) - 79
• Mercury (Hg) - 80

This fundamental concept helps students grasp the organization of the periodic table and the unique identity of each element.