Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following amides: a. formamide b. 3 -chlorobenzamide c. 3-methylbutyramide

Short answer

a. HCONH2, b. ClC6H4CONH2, c. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CONH2.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the basic structure of amides

Amides have the general formula R-CO-NH2, where R can be a hydrogen atom or a carbon-containing group. The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to the nitrogen atom (NH2).

Determine the structure for formamide

Formamide is the simplest amide, where the R group is a hydrogen atom. Its condensed formula is HCONH2.

Determine the structure for 3-chlorobenzamide

Identify the benzamide structure, which has a benzene ring bonded to the carbonyl group and an amide group (NH2). In 3-chlorobenzamide, there is a chlorine atom attached to the third carbon of the benzene ring. The condensed formula is ClC6H4CONH2.

Determine the structure for 3-methylbutyramide

Identify the butyramide structure, which has a butyl group (a four-carbon chain) bonded to the carbonyl group and an amide group (NH2). In 3-methylbutyramide, there is a methyl group attached to the third carbon of the butyl chain. The condensed formula is CH3CH2CH(CH3)CONH2.

Key concepts

formamide

Formamide is the simplest amide. It consists of a formyl group (HCO-) attached to an amino group (NH2). The condensed structural formula for formamide is HCONH2. This makes understanding amides easier since formamide doesn't have any additional groups or rings attached. Because of its simplicity, formamide is often used as a baseline molecule when studying amides in organic chemistry.

3-chlorobenzamide

Benzamide is a molecule where a benzene ring is bonded to a carbonyl group and an amide group (NH2). When we modify benzamide to produce 3-chlorobenzamide, we add a chlorine atom to the third carbon of the benzene ring. Remember, the numbering of the carbons in the benzene ring starts from the carbonyl's position. This substitution creates a new chemical identity while maintaining the primary structure of benzamide. The condensed formula of 3-chlorobenzamide is ClC6H4CONH2.

3-methylbutyramide

Butyramide consists of a butyl group (a four-carbon chain) attached to a carbonyl group and an amide group (NH2). For 3-methylbutyramide, a methyl group is attached to the third carbon in the chain. It results in a slightly branched structure but maintains the properties of an amide. The condensed structural formula of 3-methylbutyramide is CH3CH2CH(CH3)CONH2. Understanding how branches and substitutions affect the overall structure is crucial in organic chemistry.

chemical structure determination

Determining chemical structures involves identifying the bonding patterns and functional groups within a molecule. In the context of amides, understanding the general formula R-CO-NH2 allows us to recognize how different atoms or groups attach and interact. Steps to determine chemical structure include:
- Identifying the core structure
- Adding functional groups
- Considering positions of substituents
This process aids in predicting chemical behavior and properties.

organic chemistry concepts

Organic chemistry deals with carbon-containing compounds and their interactions. A thorough understanding of concepts such as functional groups, bonding, and molecular geometry is essential. Key points in the study of organic chemistry include:
- Recognizing different types of bonds (single, double, triple)
- Understanding the behavior of electrons in bonds
- Identifying functional groups like amides, alcohols, and aldehydes
These concepts provide the foundation for more advanced studies and applications in chemistry and related fields.