Question

Compound \(\mathrm{X}\) is 2 -propanol. When compound \(\mathrm{X}\) is heated with strong acid, it dehydrates to form compound \(\mathrm{Y}\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)\). When compound \(\mathrm{X}\) is oxidized, compound \(\mathrm{Z}\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\right)\) forms, which cannot be oxidized further. Draw the condensed structural formulas and give the IUPAC names of compounds X, Y, and Z.

Short answer

X: \( CH_3CH(OH)CH_3 \), 2-propanol;Y: \( CH_3CH=CH_2 \), propene;Z: \( CH_3COCH_3 \), propanone.

Step-by-step solution

Identify Compound \( X \)

Compound \( X \) is given as 2-propanol. The structure of 2-propanol is \( CH_3CH(OH)CH_3 \) and its IUPAC name is 2-propanol.

Dehydration of 2-Propanol (Formation of Compound \( Y \))

When 2-propanol is heated with a strong acid, it undergoes dehydration to form an alkene. The elimination of water from 2-propanol (\( CH_3CH(OH)CH_3 \)) forms propene (\( CH_3CH=CH_2 \)). The IUPAC name of propene remains propene.

Oxidation of 2-Propanol (Formation of Compound \( Z \))

When 2-propanol (\( CH_3CH(OH)CH_3 \)) is oxidized, it forms a ketone. The product of this oxidation is acetone (\( CH_3COCH_3 \)), which cannot be oxidized further under mild conditions. The IUPAC name of acetone is propanone.

Key concepts

dehydration reaction

A dehydration reaction is a type of chemical reaction where a water molecule is removed from a compound.
Specifically, in organic chemistry, it's common in the formation of alkenes from alcohols.
In your example, 2-propanol (

oxidation reaction

An oxidation reaction involves either the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen from a compound.
For alcohols like 2-propanol, oxidation typically converts the compound into a carbonyl-containing molecule.
In this instance, 2-propanol (

IUPAC nomenclature

The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature is a standardized method used to name chemical compounds.
This system ensures that each chemical compound has a unique and universally accepted name.
For instance, in the context of our exercise:
1. The name 2-propanol denotes an alcohol with the formula (