Question

Draw the condensed structural formula of each of the following: a. 4 -chlorobenzaldehyde b. 3 -chloropropionaldehyde c. ethyl methyl ketone d. 3 -methylhexanal

Short answer

a. \[ C_6H_4ClCHO \], b. \[ CH_2ClCH_2CHO \], c. \[ CH_3COCH_2CH_3 \], d. \[ CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_2CHO \]

Step-by-step solution

Identify the structure of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde

4-chlorobenzaldehyde consists of a benzene ring with a chlorine atom at the 4-position (para position) and an aldehyde group (-CHO) at the 1-position. The structural formula can be written as: \[ C_6H_4CHO \] with a \text{Cl} at the para position.

Draw the condensed structural formula of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde

The condensed structural formula is: \[ C_6H_4ClCHO \]

Identify the structure of 3-chloropropionaldehyde

3-chloropropionaldehyde consists of a 3-carbon chain with a chlorine atom on the third carbon and an aldehyde group on the first carbon. The structural formula can be written as: \[ CH_2ClCH_2CHO \]

Draw the condensed structural formula of 3-chloropropionaldehyde

The condensed structural formula is: \[ CH_2ClCH_2CHO \]

Identify the structure of ethyl methyl ketone

Ethyl methyl ketone, also known as 2-butanone, consists of a four-carbon chain with a ketone functional group (carbonyl group, C=O) on the second carbon. The structural formula can be written as: \[ CH_3COCH_2CH_3 \]

Draw the condensed structural formula of ethyl methyl ketone

The condensed structural formula is: \[ CH_3COCH_2CH_3 \]

Identify the structure of 3-methylhexanal

3-methylhexanal consists of a six-carbon chain with a methyl group on the third carbon and an aldehyde group on the first carbon. The structural formula can be written as: \[ CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_2CHO \]

Draw the condensed structural formula of 3-methylhexanal

The condensed structural formula is: \[ CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_2CHO \]

Key concepts

Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are molecules primarily made up of carbon atoms along with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sometimes other elements like sulfur and phosphorus. They form the basis of all life on Earth and are involved in almost every aspect of biochemistry.

These compounds have a diverse range of structures and functions, from simple molecules like methane (CH₄) to complex macromolecules like DNA.

In organic chemistry, understanding the structure of these compounds is crucial for predicting their reactivity and properties.

Chlorobenzaldehyde

Chlorobenzaldehyde is an organic compound that contains a benzene ring with a chlorine atom and an aldehyde group attached to it. Specifically, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde has the chlorine atom at the 4th position on the benzene ring and the aldehyde group (-CHO) at the 1st position.

The condensed structural formula for 4-chlorobenzaldehyde is \( C_6H_4ClCHO \).
This shows the combination of the benzene ring, chlorine atom, and aldehyde group in a simplified form.

Propionaldehyde

Propionaldehyde, also known as propanal, is a three-carbon aldehyde with the chemical formula \( CH_3CH_2CHO \).

When we talk about 3-chloropropionaldehyde, we're adding a chlorine atom to the third carbon of the chain. Its condensed structural formula is \( CH_2ClCH_2CHO \)

This indicates the chlorine atom on the first carbon and the aldehyde group at the same time.

Methyl Ketone

A methyl ketone is a type of ketone that has a methyl group (CH₃) adjacent to a carbonyl group (C=O). An example is ethyl methyl ketone, also known as 2-butanone.

2-butanone consists of a four-carbon chain with a ketone functional group on the second carbon.

Its condensed structural formula is \( CH_3COCH_2CH_3 \). This formula displays the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Structural Formulas

Structural formulas are diagrams that represent the arrangement of atoms within a molecule.

They enable chemists to understand how atoms are bonded to each other and how the molecule might behave chemically. Condensed structural formulas simplify the display by grouping atoms together.

This can be especially useful for longer organic compounds where drawing every single bond would be cumbersome.

Organic Chemistry Practice Problems

To grasp concepts in organic chemistry fully, it is essential to solve practice problems. These problems often involve drawing structural formulas and understanding the reactivity and properties of various organic compounds.

Let's discuss some practical examples:

• 4-chlorobenzaldehyde: Identify and draw its structure to reinforce benzene ring rules.
• 3-chloropropionaldehyde: Practice drawing three-carbon aldehyde with substituents.
• Ethyl methyl ketone: Understand placing the ketone group and drawing accurate structures.
• 3-methylhexanal: Learn how to set up extended carbon chains and place multiple substituents correctly.

By regularly practicing these exercises, students can improve their proficiency in organic chemistry.