Chapter 11: Problem 36
Draw the condensed structural formula of each of the following compounds: a. trans-2-hexene b. 2,3 -dichloro-1-butene
Short Answer
Expert verified
(a) CH₃−CH=CH−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃, (b) CH₂=CH−C(Cl)−CH(Cl)
Step by step solution
01
Identify the structure of trans-2-hexene
trans-2-hexene is an alkene with a double bond located at the second carbon in the chain of six carbon atoms (hexene). Since the configuration is 'trans', the substituents on either side of the double bond are on opposite sides.
02
Draw the structure of hexene
Hexene has six carbon atoms connected in a chain: C−C−C−C−C−C.
03
Add the double bond in trans position on the second carbon
This means placing the double bond between the second and third carbon atoms, with the larger substituents (C chains) on opposite sides of the double bond: CH₃−CH=CH−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃.
04
Identify the structure of 2,3-dichloro-1-butene
2,3-dichloro-1-butene is an alkene with a double bond starting at the first carbon and chlorine atoms attached to the second and third carbons.
05
Draw the structure of butene
Butene has four carbon atoms connected in a chain: C−C−C−C.
06
Add the double bond at the first carbon
This means placing the double bond between the first and second carbon atoms: CH₂=CH−CH₂−CH₃.
07
Add chlorine atoms to the specified carbons
Add chlorine atoms at the second and third carbons: CH₂=CH−C(Cl)−CH(Cl).
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
trans-2-hexene
Trans-2-hexene is an alkene. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The name 'trans-2-hexene' tells us about the structure and configuration of the molecule.
The 'hex-' part means it has six carbon atoms in its backbone.
The '2' indicates the position of the double bond between the second and third carbon atoms.
The 'trans' part means that the substituents (hydrogen and carbon chains) on either side of the double bond are on opposite sides. This is important because the 'trans' configuration can affect the physical and chemical properties of the molecule.
To draw it, start with a chain of six carbon atoms. You will add a double bond between the second and third carbon. Ensure that the groups on either side of the double bond (hydrogen and carbon chains) are on opposite sides.
A condensed structural formula for trans-2-hexene would look like this: CH₃−CH=CH−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃.
The 'hex-' part means it has six carbon atoms in its backbone.
The '2' indicates the position of the double bond between the second and third carbon atoms.
The 'trans' part means that the substituents (hydrogen and carbon chains) on either side of the double bond are on opposite sides. This is important because the 'trans' configuration can affect the physical and chemical properties of the molecule.
To draw it, start with a chain of six carbon atoms. You will add a double bond between the second and third carbon. Ensure that the groups on either side of the double bond (hydrogen and carbon chains) are on opposite sides.
A condensed structural formula for trans-2-hexene would look like this: CH₃−CH=CH−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃.
2,3-dichloro-1-butene
2,3-dichloro-1-butene is another type of alkene. Here’s how its name describes its structure:
The 'but-' part tells us it has four carbon atoms in its backbone.
The '1' indicates that the double bond is between the first and second carbon atoms.
'Dichloro' tells us there are two chlorine atoms attached to the carbon chain.
The '2,3-' tells us the positions of the chlorine atoms: one on the second carbon and one on the third carbon.
To draw this, start with a chain of four carbon atoms. Add a double bond between the first and second carbon. Add chlorine atoms to the second and third carbon.
The condensed structural formula will be: CH₂=CH−C(Cl)−CH(Cl).
The 'but-' part tells us it has four carbon atoms in its backbone.
The '1' indicates that the double bond is between the first and second carbon atoms.
'Dichloro' tells us there are two chlorine atoms attached to the carbon chain.
The '2,3-' tells us the positions of the chlorine atoms: one on the second carbon and one on the third carbon.
To draw this, start with a chain of four carbon atoms. Add a double bond between the first and second carbon. Add chlorine atoms to the second and third carbon.
The condensed structural formula will be: CH₂=CH−C(Cl)−CH(Cl).
condensed structural formula
A condensed structural formula is a way to write out the structure of a molecule where each carbon and its attached hydrogens are grouped together. This format gives a quick and clear representation of the molecule’s structure without drawing out each bond.
For example, in the molecule trans-2-hexene, instead of drawing all the bonds, you can write: CH₃−CH=CH−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃.
This shows each carbon group and their connections, making it easier to read and write.
For example, in the molecule trans-2-hexene, instead of drawing all the bonds, you can write: CH₃−CH=CH−CH₂−CH₂−CH₃.
This shows each carbon group and their connections, making it easier to read and write.
- It's a useful shorthand that helps when you need a clear but concise representation of complex molecules.
- You will often use condensed structural formulas in organic chemistry for quick visualization and understanding of molecular structures.
alkenes
Alkenes are hydrocarbons characterized by having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. This double bond differentiates them from alkanes, which only have single bonds.
Alkenes are reactive due to the double bond, participating in reactions like addition where atoms add to the carbons in the double bond, breaking it.
Understanding alkenes is key for further studies in organic chemistry, especially reactions involving double bonds.
- The general formula for alkenes is CₙH₂ₙ.
- Alkenes can have isomers, molecules with the same formula but different structural arrangements. This can include 'cis' and 'trans' isomers, based on the positions of substituents around the double bond.
Alkenes are reactive due to the double bond, participating in reactions like addition where atoms add to the carbons in the double bond, breaking it.
Understanding alkenes is key for further studies in organic chemistry, especially reactions involving double bonds.