Question

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds: a. benzene b. 4 -bromoaniline c. \(1,2,4\) -trichlorobenzene

Short answer

a. C6H6, b. C6H4BrNH2, c. C6H3Cl3.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Structure of Benzene

Benzene is a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds. It is often drawn as a hexagon with a circle inside to represent the double bonds.

Draw the Condensed Structural Formula for Benzene

The condensed structural formula for benzene is C6H6.

Understand the Structure of 4-bromoaniline

4-bromoaniline is benzene with a bromine (Br) atom attached to the fourth carbon and an amino group (NH2) attached to the first carbon.

Draw the Condensed Structural Formula for 4-bromoaniline

The condensed structural formula for 4-bromoaniline is C6H4BrNH2.

Understand the Structure of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is benzene with three chlorine (Cl) atoms attached to the first, second, and fourth carbons.

Draw the Condensed Structural Formula for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

The condensed structural formula for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is C6H3Cl3.

Key concepts

benzene structure

Benzene is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry. It is composed of six carbon atoms arranged in a ring, with alternating double bonds between them. This alternating structure creates a phenomenon known as aromaticity, which makes benzene extraordinarily stable compared to other organic compounds.
Benzene is often depicted as a hexagon with a circle inside to indicate the delocalized electrons shared among the carbon atoms. This delocalization provides benzene with its unique properties.
In terms of condensed structural formula, benzene is represented simply as C6H6, encapsulating its composition: six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms bonded in a cyclic structure.
Understanding benzene lays the foundation for grasping more complex aromatic compounds like substituted benzenes.

4-bromoaniline

4-bromoaniline is a derivative of benzene wherein specific atoms or functional groups replace some hydrogen atoms.
In this molecule, a bromine atom (Br) is attached to the fourth carbon of the benzene ring, hence the '4-bromo'. Additionally, an amino group (NH2) is attached to the first carbon, making it 'aniline'.
When we combine these substituents, they create 4-bromoaniline. The condensed structural formula is C6H4BrNH2.
The structure can be broken down: Benzene ring (C6H4) + Bromine (Br at position 4) + Amino group (NH2 at position 1).
Understanding this structure requires acknowledging both the ring's aromatic nature and how substituents alter its chemical behavior.

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene provides another example of how benzene can be modified with substituents.
Here, three chlorine atoms replace the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring: one on the first carbon, another on the second, and the last on the fourth carbon.
The notation '1,2,4' signifies the positions of these chlorine atoms around the ring.
The condensed structural formula for this compound is C6H3Cl3, indicating six carbon atoms in the ring with three positions occupied by chlorine atoms each.
Recognizing the pattern in which these substitutions occur is key for understanding the behavior and reactivity of aromatic compounds.
Each modification imparts specific properties to the molecule that can be crucial for various applications in chemistry and industry.